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Andreas Engel, Peter Kern, Winfried V. Kern, Levels of Cytokines and Cytokine Inhibitors in the Neutropenic Patient with α-Hemolytic Streptococcus Shock Syndrome, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 23, Issue 4, October 1996, Pages 785–789, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/23.4.785
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of α-hemolytic streptococcus shock syndrome (SS), a life-threatening complication in neutropenic patients following aggressive chemotherapy that is caused by viridans streptococci, is unknown, We measured serum concentrations of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and T cell activation markers in two patients with lethal α-hemolytic streptococcus SS. The results were compared with those for controls, two neutropenic patients with uncomplicated bacteremia due to gram-positive organisms and four patients with neutropenia and bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms (two of whom had lethal septic shock). In patients with α-hemolytic streptococcus SS, levels of interleukin (IL) 1 were undetectable, levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were only slightly elevated, and IL-6 was the only proinfiammatory cytokine that was found in high concentrations and had a late peak level at the time of clinical deterioration. IL-6 levels were much higher in patients with α-hemolytic streptococcus SS than in controls with uncomplicated bacteremia due to gram-positive organisms but were comparable with those in controls with bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms. Soluble TNF receptor fragments and IL-1 receptor antagonist apparently were not protective despite high serum concentrations.
- cytokine
- tumor necrosis factors
- interleukin-1 receptor antagonists
- bacteremia
- septic shock
- chemotherapy regimen
- neutropenia
- viridans streptococcus
- gram-positive bacteria
- gram-positive bacterial infections
- gram-positive cocci
- gram-positive rods
- interleukins
- tumor necrosis factor receptor
- shock
- streptococcus
- interleukin-6
- t-cell activation
