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Victor E. Mulanovich, William E. Dismukes, Norman Markowitz, Cryptococcal Empyema: Case Report and Review, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1995, Pages 1396–1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.5.1396
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Abstract
A 28-year-old male infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed a pleural empyema caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. He responded well to chest-tube drainage and antifungal therapy; he received fluconazole as maintenance therapy for 1 year and has not relapsed. We reviewed the English-language literature on cryptococcal pleural effusions in patients with and without AIDS. Only three other cases of empyema, one of them in an HIV-infected patient, have been reported. A pleural-fluid cryptococcal antigen test was diagnostic in our case and should be included in the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained pleural empyema/effusion in immunocompromised patients.