...Patent law is crucial to encourage technological innovation. But as the patent system currently stands, diverse industries from pharmaceuticals to software to semiconductors are all governed by the same rules even though they innovate very differently. The result is a crisis in the patent system...

...This chapter summarizes key U.S. federal legal decisions about the admissibility of expert evidence. It analyzes the Supreme Court cases Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Kumho Tire v. Carmichael, and Frye v. United States. The chapter...

... of major pharmaceutical as Berndt E R Scott Morton F M Stern S Trusheim M R West H J follow on drug markets De Angelis C Cortellis Bespalov A detailed biomarkers database DBD Costinot A Kanavos P burden of disease for all cancers disease burden of for all cancers precision medicine clinical...

...Individuals respond to pharmaceutical treatments differently due to the heterogeneity of patient populations. This heterogeneity can make it difficult to determine how efficacious or burdensome a treatment is for an individual patient. Personalized medicine involves using patient characteristics...

... action research Collins H M Evans Robert Haraway Donna fallacy pharmaceuticals industry Big Pharma disease illness dichotomy incommensurability calibration multiple ontologies new materialisms object-oriented ontologies pain medicine pharmaceuticals policy rhetorical methodologies rhetoric...

...This chapter introduces readers to the distinctive place at the core of the book: iThemba Pharmaceuticals, a small South African start-up pharmaceutical company with an elite international scientific board, which was founded in 2009 with the mission of drug discovery for the treatment of TB, HIV...

... their sexual health (or “sexual wellness”) and lead more sexually healthy lives. While much previous analytical attention has focused on the specific case of men’s use of Viagra and its pharmaceutical cousins, this chapter turn to a broader range of examples, spotlighting women’s sexual health consumerism...

...National statistical agencies keep good track of how medical care dollars are spent—how much is paid to hospitals, physicians’ offices, pharmaceutical companies, and the like. However, it has proven much more challenging to measure the productivity of those dollars. What is medical care doing...

..., doctors, and nurses who are restoring generosity to medicine—generosity toward others and to themselves. It evokes medicine as the face-to-face encounter that comes before and after diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, and surgeries. The book calls upon the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, philosopher Emmanuel...

... the sinus headache. calibration FDA Food and Drug Administration Lyrica migraine OTC over the counter drugs regulatory oversight pharmaceuticals industry EBM evidence based medicine Mol Annemarie multiple ontologies pain ontologies practical regime of engagement agency fallacy Foucault Michel...

... the contemporary world in which we live. alcohol brands Catholicism Christians colonialism drugs House of Generics Mercury Drug pharmaceuticals South Star Drug templates anthropology categories ethnography marked classification genre habitus media generic drugs repetition social theory...

... Mohnen P Pharmaceuticals Genetics Genome Innovation Therapeutical Translation Network Medicine GWAS If the Human Genome Project gave us a book, scientists are now learning how to read it… and biologists are beginning to face up to the uncomfortable truth that they have only been looking...

...Pharmaceuticals and human biologic products (“pharmaceuticals”) are regulated in virtually all aspects of the product life-cycle: safety, efficacy and manufacturing quality, promotion, and pricing. The rationale for heavy regulation of pharmaceuticals is not intrinsic natural monopoly, since any...

...Synthesizing Hope opens up the material and social worlds of pharmaceuticals by focusing on a distinctive place: iThemba Pharmaceuticals. Founded in 2009 with a name taken from the Zulu word for hope, the small South African startup with an elite international scientific board was founded...

...Bitter Roots is a history of drug discovery from plants across different African countries. It reconsiders the history of pharmaceutical patents, biopiracy, and bioprospecting to show that African medicine inspired new phytochemicals and probes the responsibilities of multiple...

... in medical treatments and behaviors, and considers the implications of these findings for medical research. The findings estimate that about one-third of the decline in CVD mortality is due to invasive treatments, one-third is due to the use of risk-reducing pharmaceuticals, and the remaining third stems...

...This chapter focuses on a broad range of lesser known and recent pollutants that affect aquatic organisms. These chemicals, found in groundwater and surface water, include many human-synthesized agricultural chemicals, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, pathogens, swimming pool chemicals...

...This chapter introduces the physical site of iThemba Pharmaceuticals in a place called Modderfontein, on the edge of the grounds of a historic Alfred Nobel dynamite factory. It explores the material and social legacies of extraction industries that shape the possibilities of and constraints on drug...

...This chapter investigates the networks of calibration that surround the Food and Drug Administration as an institution of rarefaction. The chapter explores how different professional organizations, pharmaceuticals corporations, scholarly publications, and advocacy organizations attempt...

.... This chapter explores the shift in the conceptualization of the pill from life-changing to life-enhancing, from revolutionary to commonplace, and the implications for the trajectories of women, birth control, and pharmaceutical consumerism. birth control pill revolutios Sanger Margaret therapeutic...