... normative commitment Our understanding of paradigm shifts—or, as I prefer to term them following Friedman, scientific framework transitions—has been caught since the late 1950s between two impossibly limiting positions. On the one hand, there is the critical rationalism of Karl Popper and his school, which...

... Framework Dependency Critical Rationalism normative commitment Michael Friedman Following on from the autobiographical account related in chapter 1 , the previous three chapters have argued that the idea formative of the discussion of scientific development since Kuhn, that it is possible to commit...

... to external normative criticism is capable of destabializing normative commitment to a far greater extent than mere self-critique. Therefore, while science can only be transformed from within, by people who have standing in the field, criticism from the outside is essential. We may not be able...