... Germany Hawaiian Spectator Struve Gustav Switzerland The Times Zeitschrift für Phrenologie letters correspondence reform political thought slavery prisons education schools mental science character What was the most important reform of the nineteenth century? For Orson Fowler, editor...

... and even practices of mental science, and they appropriate his legacy in an attempt to legitimate their new profession. For the early psychiatrists, William Shakespeare's medical infallibility both mirrored and masked their own fiercely guarded institutional authority. In their role as critics of modernity...