...This chapter investigates Leibniz’s relationship to skilled labor in the conception and creation of his calculating machines. It shows Robert Hooke and Leibniz working to organize and coordinate the skills and knowledge of others. These cases reveal no stable, strict hierarchy between inventor...

... Anda Robert F drugs Felitti Vincent J Harris Nadine Burke substance abuse dose response relationship epigenetics cortisol moral responsibility Waller Bruce N moral mechanics emotions as morality culture and morality calculating cost of morality socio-economic status adverse childhood...

... of rationality, emotions define it, give it goals, and give us energy to pursue what we want in life. This does not mean that they don’t occasionally lead to regrettable or disruptive actions. Emotions are a part of all action, good and bad. calculating brain model Grupo de Teatro Holocaust Monroe Kristen...

...Following acquisition in chapter 5, the central topic of this chapter is preservation of the goods one has acquired. It first shows that to preserve means two things: arranging and calculating. The former has to do with storing, that is, with the organization of domestic or civic space with a view...

...This book studies mechanical calculating machines in the period before they became everyday commodities, from the attempts of Pascal in the 1640s through Babbage’s efforts in the 1820s-1840s. Through the optic of these failed technical artifacts, this books peers into diverse forms of technical...

...Contributing to the history of intellectual property, this chapter studies the calculating machines of Pascal, Morland and Leibniz within early modern systems for protecting and encouraging manufactures and, indirectly, invention. Each of these inventors sought to make the most advanced, natural...

...The history of calculating machines in the eighteenth century is a story of copying—and improving—mechanisms and processes, often known with only the sketchiest of detail. These machines emerged through the efforts of artisans, engineers, and natural philosophers struggling to provide tangible...

...Using a rich store of documents, this chapter tracks the creation of a series of calculating machines by the English nobleman Charles Stanhope. Stanhope’s materialized design practice emerged from late eighteenth-century ways of forming materials, of coordinating different practitioners...

...Philosophers in the eighteenth century did not see machines capable of arithmetic as threatening the distinctiveness of human reasoning. Despite famous claims by Hobbes and Leibniz, calculation was not generally thought to capture much of human reasoning and its creative potential. From...

...Understanding early modern calculating machines, the introduction explains, demands combining histories of labor, of mechanical contrivances, of intellectual history, and of philosophical reflection on thinking itself. Through the optic of technical artifacts, this books peers into diverse forms...

...Focusing upon the calculating machines of Blaise Pascal and Sir Samuel Morland from the seventeenth century, this chapter studies the skills necessary in calculation and those necessary for designing and building calculating machines. The chapter connects discussion of the major technical...