...This chapter sets the stage for what is to come: it puts into context the problem of affective polarization, and discusses some of the reasons why we should be so concerned about it. Biden Joseph R January 6 2021 Trump Donald affective polarization Pew Research Center American identity common...

... and scientific figures democratic accountability checks and balances norm of executive actions and powers institutional norms partisan animosity and power separation of powers partisan animosity and democratic institutions violence lack of support for voters affective polarization partisan animosity...

... that surround it. In chapter 3, we present the measurements we need in order examine how out-party animus interacts with party cues to guide preferences and opinion and to test our predictions that animosity effects decline or evaporates when the decisions are personally consequential. affective polarization...

... Robert health and safety policies COVID 19 flu vaccine partisan animosity concerning vaccinations partisan animosity concerning affective polarization approval ratings leadership evaluations Donald Trump Joe Biden Covid-19 state and local politics A few months into Biden’s tenure as president...

...Americans today seem to be more divided than ever before. It is not simply that they disagree on abortion, gun control, and other issues, but they increasingly dislike and distrust those from the other political party, a phenomenon known as affective polarization, which has numerous damaging...