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The Prince of Antioch The Prince of Antioch
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The Sultan of Babylon The Sultan of Babylon
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A Knight of Poitou A Knight of Poitou
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II The Crusader: Infidelity, Marital and Religious
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Published:August 2023
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Abstract
Even members of the royal court wondered what happened when Eleanor and Louis were staying at Antioch during the Second Crusade. According to the original chronicles, Eleanor allied herself with Raymond of Antioch, the prince of this city and her uncle, against Louis, who refused to lend his host his army, though whether she was forced or manipulated into doing so and whether she broke her marriage vows in the process remained unclear. According to the Minstrel of Reims, Eleanor allied herself, not with Raymond, but with Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and attempted to elope with him. In a final version of the story, the French queen does elope with Saladin, but the king’s vassal Andrew of Chauvigny abducts her and brings her back to court, where she is burned. In all of these tales, Eleanor has good reason to prefer a valiant warrior—as Raymond and Saladin were both known to be—over the cowardly and contemptible Louis, but she is criticized for acting upon that judgment and, in doing so, breaking faith with her husband. Her personal infidelity toward Louis constitutes political infidelity toward her lord and religious infidelity toward Christendom, and for that she cannot be forgiven.
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