
Contents
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Auerbach on Understanding and Difference Auerbach on Understanding and Difference
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Auerbach’s Idea list Path to Spinoza Auerbach’s Idea list Path to Spinoza
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Spinoza: A Historical Novel Spinoza: A Historical Novel
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A Spinozist Challenge to the“Religion of Humanity” A Spinozist Challenge to the“Religion of Humanity”
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Ludwig Feuerbach, Bruno Bauer, andthe Religion of Humanity Ludwig Feuerbach, Bruno Bauer, andthe Religion of Humanity
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Moses Hess and the Philosophy of Activity Moses Hess and the Philosophy of Activity
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From Spinozist Socialism to the“Free Spiritual Act” From Spinozist Socialism to the“Free Spiritual Act”
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“On Ethics: Letters between Friends” “On Ethics: Letters between Friends”
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Activity as “Becoming Other” Activity as “Becoming Other”
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On Friendship and Its Disintegration On Friendship and Its Disintegration
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2 Love and Friendship: Berthold Auer bach and Moses Hess on Understanding and Activity
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Published:January 2023
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Abstract
Berthold Auerbach and Moses Hess formed a friendship over their shared love of Spinoza. Indeed, they read him as a philosopher of love. Ultimately, however, they would split over politics of the German Vormärz – Auerbach inclining towards an emerging liberalism and Hess decidedly embracing socialism. Ultimately their break-up suggests much about their different interpretations of Spinoza and his insights for transforming the modern world. Where Auerbach conceived of Spinoza primarily as a philosopher of understanding, Hess pushed for him as a philosopher of activity. The difference is strained, as the two terms are intimately tied in Spinoza’s writings. This chapter frames their competing interpretations with discussions of Spinoza’s treatment of friendship and its ambiguous relationship to politics. For Auerbach, friendship enabled one to understand and love existing differences within established institutions such as the state, organized religion, and civil-societal associations. For Hess, real Spinozist activity occurred only when these reified institutions no longer held sway, while friendship and loving social relationships served the purpose of emancipating humans from the most reified institution of them all – the autonomous individual.
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