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Maritime Links at the End of the Second Millennium BCE? Maritime Links at the End of the Second Millennium BCE?
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Greeks and the Black Sea in the Archaic Period: Phrygians, Lydians, and Milesians Greeks and the Black Sea in the Archaic Period: Phrygians, Lydians, and Milesians
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Why Not Phoenicians, and Why a Trojan War? Why Not Phoenicians, and Why a Trojan War?
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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6 The Mediterranean and the Black Sea in the Early First Millennium BCE: Greeks, Phoenicians, Phrygians, and Lydians
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Published:December 2022
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Abstract
Although the two great mercantile explorers of the Mediterranean, Greeks and Phoenicians, established outposts around the circumference of the sea in the early first millennium BCE, neither seems to have shown great interest in the adjacent Black Sea – this, despite the Black Sea’s mineral resources that had inspired so many Greek and Phoenician distant settlements elsewhere. Curiously, the Greeks do not appear to have settled anywhere along the Black Sea coast until the late seventh century BCE, while the Phoenicians seem not to have done so at any period. The curious lack of evidence for either Greeks or Phoenicians demands explanation. This chapter argues that the eventual Greek presence in the Black Sea, first represented by a Milesian outpost at Sinope, may have been inspired by Lydia’s need for new sources of silver. As for the comparatively late date of these settlements – and the complete absence of Phoenician ones – the Iliad’s association of Phrygians as an ally of Troy may provide tantalizing evidence for a Phrygian presence along the southern shores of the Bosphorus during the eighth-seventh centuries BCE, rendering any aspirations of penetration into the Black Sea a highly challenging endeavor.
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