The Possessions of the Spanish Crown

Altic, Mirela

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226791197.003.0003

Encounters in the New World: Jesuit Cartography of the Americas

Mirela Altic

https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226791197.001.0001

Published online:

22 September 2022

Published in print:

16 June 2022

Online ISBN:

9780226791197

Print ISBN:

9780226791050

- Abbreviations
  - Notes
  - Notes
Introduction
- Notes
- Notes
1 The History and Concept of Jesuit Mapmaking
- Notes
- Notes
- 2.1 The Viceroyalty of New Spain 2.1 The Viceroyalty of New Spain
  - 2.1.1 The Jesuit Cartographic Endeavor in Florida 2.1.1 The Jesuit Cartographic Endeavor in Florida
  - 2.1.2 Mexico: Missionary Cartography of the Borderlands 2.1.2 Mexico: Missionary Cartography of the Borderlands
    - 2.1.2.1 Ivan Rattkay: Cartographic Pioneer of the Tarahumara Region 2.1.2.1 Ivan Rattkay: Cartographic Pioneer of the Tarahumara Region
    - 2.1.2.2 Adam Gilg and the Art of Surveying in the Province of Sonora 2.1.2.2 Adam Gilg and the Art of Surveying in the Province of Sonora
    - 2.1.2.3 Eusebio Francisco Kino and His Followers: Mapping the Northwestern Frontier 2.1.2.3 Eusebio Francisco Kino and His Followers: Mapping the Northwestern Frontier
    - 2.1.2.4 Cartographic Synthesis from the Time of the Military and Juridical Reorganization of New Spain 2.1.2.4 Cartographic Synthesis from the Time of the Military and Juridical Reorganization of New Spain
    - 2.1.2.5 Mapmaking Attempts in Sinaloa 2.1.2.5 Mapmaking Attempts in Sinaloa
    - 2.1.2.6 The Jesuit Cartography of Nayarit 2.1.2.6 The Jesuit Cartography of Nayarit
    - 2.1.2.7 Juan Nentwig and Bernhard Middendorff: Cartographers of the Pima Uprising and Its Aftermath 2.1.2.7 Juan Nentwig and Bernhard Middendorff: Cartographers of the Pima Uprising and Its Aftermath
  - 2.1.3 Baja California: Revealing a Geographical Enigma 2.1.3 Baja California: Revealing a Geographical Enigma
    - 2.1.3.1 Eusebio Francisco Kino and the Appearance of the First Jesuit Maps of Baja California 2.1.3.1 Eusebio Francisco Kino and the Appearance of the First Jesuit Maps of Baja California
    - 2.1.3.2 Ferdinand Konščak (Fernando Consag): Confirming the Peninsularity 2.1.3.2 Ferdinand Konščak (Fernando Consag): Confirming the Peninsularity
- 2.2 The Viceroyalty of Peru 2.2 The Viceroyalty of Peru
  - 2.2.1 The Province of Peru: Mapping the Moxos Missions 2.2.1 The Province of Peru: Mapping the Moxos Missions
  - 2.2.2 The Jesuit Cartography of Chile: Between Mythology and Utilitarianism 2.2.2 The Jesuit Cartography of Chile: Between Mythology and Utilitarianism
  - 2.2.3 Patagonia: Jesuits at the Southern Edge of the Spanish Empire 2.2.3 Patagonia: Jesuits at the Southern Edge of the Spanish Empire
  - 2.2.4 The Province of Paraguay and the Río de la Plata: The Cartography of Conflicts and Martyrs 2.2.4 The Province of Paraguay and the Río de la Plata: The Cartography of Conflicts and Martyrs
    - 2.2.4.1 Cartographic Reflections of the Treaty of Madrid 2.2.4.1 Cartographic Reflections of the Treaty of Madrid
    - 2.2.4.2 The Jesuit Cartography of the Guaraní War and Its Aftermath 2.2.4.2 The Jesuit Cartography of the Guaraní War and Its Aftermath
    - 2.2.4.3 The Post-Suppression Jesuit Cartography of Paraguay 2.2.4.3 The Post-Suppression Jesuit Cartography of Paraguay
  - 2.2.5 The Province of Quito: Challenging Border Disputes along the Amazon 2.2.5 The Province of Quito: Challenging Border Disputes along the Amazon
    - 2.2.5.1 The Post-Suppression Vision of Quito: From Territorialization to Idealism 2.2.5.1 The Post-Suppression Vision of Quito: From Territorialization to Idealism
  - 2.2.6 New Granada: Defense and Commerce in the Orinoco River Region 2.2.6 New Granada: Defense and Commerce in the Orinoco River Region
- Notes
- Notes
3 Portuguese Possessions: Brazil
- Notes
- Notes
4 New France: Searching for the Northwest Passage
- Notes
- Notes
Concluding Remarks
- Notes
- Notes
- Notes
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Bibliography
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Index
  - Notes
  - Notes

Chapter

2 The Possessions of the Spanish Crown

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https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226791197.003.0003

Pages

75–256

Published:

June 2022

Abstract

The Spanish effort in mapping its overseas possessions was oriented primarily toward the Atlantic coast. The scarcely passable interior as well as the entire Pacific frontier was essentially left to the Jesuits, who played a dominant role in exploration and mapping for almost two centuries. Of all Jesuit cartographies, the Spanish was characterized by the most pronounced iconography and the symbols of power of both the Society of Jesus and the Spanish crown. Because it covered a vast area, Spanish Jesuit cartography produced the largest number of maps, many of them published, which enabled them to have a strong influence on European commercial cartography. Spanish Jesuit cartography is also the most diverse. Jesuit activities in the field depended not only on the imperial policies of the crown but were also strongly influenced by local contexts. Cartographic activities were greatly triggered by geopolitical changes upon Treaty of Quillin (1641), Treaty of Madrid (1750), Guaraní War (1753–56), Treaty of El Pardo (1761) Treaty of Paris (1763), but also by numerous local events and economic interests. Thus, Jesuit mapping of Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Moxos (Peru), Paraguay, Chile, New Granada, and Quito shows many specificities that are not present in other countries.

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2 The Possessions of the Spanish Crown

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