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Twelve Revolution: New England, the Bahamas, Barbados, the Leewards, 1647–1649
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Published:April 2021
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Abstract
England, led by the New Model Army, now radicalized after defeating the royalist uprising in the second civil war, embarked on a regicidal revolution. Just when it seemed that a presbyterian religious settlement could broker a lasting peace, first the king and then the army rejected it. The army won. The king was executed and a commonwealth proclaimed without a strong religious establishment. The colonies, still left to their own devices, continued to consolidate their separate religious systems. Maryland tried to forge a compromise between its Catholic and Protestant colonists by passing the extraordinarily liberal Act concerning Religion. However, religious toleration was no recipe for colonial success, as the troubled history of Maryland and the new colony of Eleutheria indicated. Instead, colonial tolerance tended to emerge in situations of weakness. Stronger colonies preferred to shore up their establishment. New England's Cambridge Platform crowned a raft of legislation defining the limits of acceptable belief and practice. Saint Christopher cracked down on religious dissidents, forcing them to conform or flee. Religious divergence was becoming firmly rooted within the colonies and also between the colonies and England, which was moving towards more tolerance than most colonists found acceptable.
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