
Contents
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2.1 Overview 2.1 Overview
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2.2 The Peopling of the Tropics 2.2 The Peopling of the Tropics
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2.3 Impacts of Early Hunter-Gatherer Societies 2.3 Impacts of Early Hunter-Gatherer Societies
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2.4 The Development of Agriculture 2.4 The Development of Agriculture
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2.5 Holocene Climate Variability, Forest Change, and Agricultural Expansion 2.5 Holocene Climate Variability, Forest Change, and Agricultural Expansion
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2.5.1 Holocene Forest-Savanna Dynamics 2.5.1 Holocene Forest-Savanna Dynamics
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2.5.2 Agriculural Expansion and Climate Change 2.5.2 Agriculural Expansion and Climate Change
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2.6 Conclusion 2.6 Conclusion
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2 Ancient Human Legacies in Tropical Forest Landscapes
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Published:May 2014
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Abstract
This chapter examines the effects of prehistoric human occupations on tropical forest structure and composition, from the late Pleistocene through the late-Holocene. Early colonization of lowland tropical rain forests led to the development of forest-based subsistence societies, beginning an unprecedented era of landscape management in regions of Africa, South America, New Guinea, and Southeast Asia. Forest dwellers increased the concentration, overall abundance, and geographic ranges of plant species used for food and shelter. The independent origins and spread of agriculture during the Holocene led to increased human populations and to growing demands for food, leading to extensive land clearance and biomass burning in many tropical regions. The conversion of tropical forests to agriculture land beginning 8000 to 10,000 years ago, created patches of forest disturbance and regeneration within human-occupied landscapes and increased the abundance and geographic distributions of species favored by forest disturbance and human use
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