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8 Reducing Social Security PRA Risk at the Individual Level: Life-Cycle Funds and No-Loss Strategies
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12.1 Health Behaviors 12.1 Health Behaviors
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12.2 Data 12.2 Data
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12.3 The Health Profile, 1971–1975 versus 1999–2002 12.3 The Health Profile, 1971–1975 versus 1999–2002
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12.4 Forecasts of Future Risk 12.4 Forecasts of Future Risk
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12.4.1 Education 12.4.1 Education
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12.4.2 Smoking 12.4.2 Smoking
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12.4.3 Drinking 12.4.3 Drinking
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12.4.4 Obesity, Hypertension, and High Cholesterol 12.4.4 Obesity, Hypertension, and High Cholesterol
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12.5 Conclusions 12.5 Conclusions
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References References
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Comment - James P. Smith Comment - James P. Smith
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References References
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12 Is the U.S. Population Behaving Healthier?
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Published:June 2009
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Abstract
This chapter compares the risk factor profile of the population in the early 1970s with that of the population in the early 2000s and considers the implications of recent trends for future reductions in mortality. Understanding changes in population health is a key input into public and private decision making. People who live longer have more years of life to enjoy, but also need to prepare for more older years, through increased saving and possibly delayed retirement. Reduced smoking, better control of medical risk factors such as hypertension and cholesterol, and better education among the older population have been more important for mortality than the substantial increase in obesity. The idea behind pay-for-performance systems is to reward physicians (or insurance companies) for successful efforts to increase utilization and possibly adherence. Such efforts might involve having nurse outreach, automatic medication refills, or more convenient office hours to monitor side effects. Patients can receive electronic reminders about medication goals, information, and automated decision tools can help with dosing and medication switches.
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