
Contents
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Two-Dimensional Valence Models Two-Dimensional Valence Models
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Beyond Valence: The Distinct Effects of Anxiety and Anger Beyond Valence: The Distinct Effects of Anxiety and Anger
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Risk Assessment and Action Risk Assessment and Action
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Political Motivation Political Motivation
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Depth of Cognitive Processing Depth of Cognitive Processing
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Theoretical Approaches and Specific Negative Emotions Theoretical Approaches and Specific Negative Emotions
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Appraisal Theory Appraisal Theory
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The Functional Neuroscience Approach The Functional Neuroscience Approach
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Data and Key Measures Data and Key Measures
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Sample Sample
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Questions about Emotions Questions about Emotions
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The Structure of Emotional Responses The Structure of Emotional Responses
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Specificity of Negative Emotions Specificity of Negative Emotions
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Generality of Anxiety across Targets Generality of Anxiety across Targets
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Political Consequences of Anxiety and Anger Political Consequences of Anxiety and Anger
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Political Motivation and Media Involvement Political Motivation and Media Involvement
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Perceived Risks and Support for the Iraq War Perceived Risks and Support for the Iraq War
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Thoughtful Cognitive Processing Thoughtful Cognitive Processing
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Discussion Discussion
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Nine On the Distinct Political Effects of Anxiety and Anger
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Published:September 2007
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Abstract
This chapter tries to differentiate between anger and anxiety as distinct negative reactions to the Iraq war and explores their unique political effects. The distinct effects of anger and anxiety make clear the need to better understand their political consequences. The link between negative emotion and deeper levels of thought does not appear to extend to anger. Complex negative objects such as war and terrorism elicit diverse negative reactions. Americans had related but distinct feelings of anger and anxiety toward the war, terrorists, Saddam Hussein, and anti-war protesters. As anxiety and anger increase, respondents are more likely to report thinking about the Iraq war, talking about it, and, to a more limited extent, attending to national television news and newspapers. In general, the results raise serious concerns about the prevailing two-dimensional valence model of emotion.
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