
Contents
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Politics of Identity Politics of Identity
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The Newness of “New” Social Movements The Newness of “New” Social Movements
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The End of “Old” Social Movements? The End of “Old” Social Movements?
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New Social Movements of the Early Nineteenth Century New Social Movements of the Early Nineteenth Century
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Identity, Autonomy, and Self-realization Identity, Autonomy, and Self-realization
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Defense Rather than Offense Defense Rather than Offense
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Politicization of Everyday Life Politicization of Everyday Life
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Nonclass or Middle-Class Mobilization Nonclass or Middle-Class Mobilization
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Self-Exemplifying Movements Self-Exemplifying Movements
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Unconventional Means Unconventional Means
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Partial and Overlapping Commitments Partial and Overlapping Commitments
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Why Did New Social Movements Have to be Rediscovered? Why Did New Social Movements Have to be Rediscovered?
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Conclusion: Modernity and Social Movements Conclusion: Modernity and Social Movements
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Nine New Social Movements of the Early Nineteenth Century
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Published:March 2012
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Abstract
The early nineteenth century saw the rise of “new social movements” such as feminism, the ecology movement or “greens,” the youth movement, the peace movement, and other initiatives aimed at legitimating personal identity or lifestyle. These movements worked outside formal institutional channels and deemphasized economic goals, instead focusing on the politicization of everyday life. This chapter looks at the “new social movements” and argues that they were not really novel because their major characteristics were also present in social movements in America during the early nineteenth century, particularly the labor movement. It thus refutes both notions of American exceptionalism and the historical claim that late twentieth-century social movements were of a fundamentally new kind. The chapter also explores identity politics and other features common to movements throughout the modern period, considering broad historical patterns in the activity, diversity, and integration of social movement fields.
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