
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Background: Forest-Based Emergencies and Insurgencies in Southeast Asia from World War II to the Cold War Background: Forest-Based Emergencies and Insurgencies in Southeast Asia from World War II to the Cold War
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Cold War Confrontations Cold War Confrontations
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A Clash of Civilizations: The Spaces of Insurgency and Ideologies of Jungles A Clash of Civilizations: The Spaces of Insurgency and Ideologies of Jungles
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Counterinsurgency, Evictions, Colonization, and Political Forestry Counterinsurgency, Evictions, Colonization, and Political Forestry
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Reorganizing Space and Reconstituting the Nation: Taking the Forest out of the Jungle Reorganizing Space and Reconstituting the Nation: Taking the Forest out of the Jungle
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Racialization and the Political Forest Racialization and the Political Forest
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Deploying Military Resources in Jungle Emergencies Deploying Military Resources in Jungle Emergencies
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Discussion Discussion
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5 * Jungles, Forests, and the Theatre of Wars: Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, and the Political Forest in Southeast Asia
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Published:March 2014
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Abstract
Many forest management institutions and the ideologies that govern them, all hallmarks of modern states, were produced in Southeast Asia in the crucible of war. Insurgencies, ethnic wars, and “Cold Wars” in the tropics shaped institutions and practices, because “jungles” were their front lines. Although the direct impacts of war on forests are well-known, indirect and institutional effects of war and an array of “medium hard “technologies of power, such as forced relocation ( strategic hamlets), state colonization of historical territories (resettlement and transmigration), criminalization of traditional practices (edicts against the use of fire, shifting cultivation, etc.), exclusion of local populations from their traditional resource terrains (national park and forest legislation), and the transformations of bureaucratic/ military structures and surveillance for the management forests, are barely documented. This chapter focuses on the institutional dimensions of war in the creation of forest politics that exclude traditional ethnic or “racialized” populations. It further argues that war, insurgency, and counter-insurgency contributed to the resurgence of forests in many areas.
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