
Contents
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5.1 Variation is More b Region than by State 5.1 Variation is More b Region than by State
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5.2 School Districts Often Cross County Lines 5.2 School Districts Often Cross County Lines
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5.3 Climate Accounts for East-West Variation in Rural School Districts 5.3 Climate Accounts for East-West Variation in Rural School Districts
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5.4 Low Rural Density Was Imprinted on Urban Districts in the West 5.4 Low Rural Density Was Imprinted on Urban Districts in the West
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5.5 Slavery and Segregation Shaped the School Geography of the South 5.5 Slavery and Segregation Shaped the School Geography of the South
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5.6 Disfranchisement Enabled the South to Progress Separately and Unequally 5.6 Disfranchisement Enabled the South to Progress Separately and Unequally
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5.7 Segregation Made the South More Like the Arid West 5.7 Segregation Made the South More Like the Arid West
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5.8 Legal Pressure on Segregation Furthered County Consolidation 5.8 Legal Pressure on Segregation Furthered County Consolidation
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5.9 Scale and Governance Influenced the Competitive Structure of Urban Districts 5.9 Scale and Governance Influenced the Competitive Structure of Urban Districts
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5.10 The Four-District Concentration Ratios for Large Urban Areas 5.10 The Four-District Concentration Ratios for Large Urban Areas
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5.11 Climate, Size, and Segregation Account for Urban District Competitiveness 5.11 Climate, Size, and Segregation Account for Urban District Competitiveness
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5.12 Proxies for School District Size: Rivers or Rainfall? 5.12 Proxies for School District Size: Rivers or Rainfall?
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5.13 The Advantage of Aligning School Districts and Municipalities 5.13 The Advantage of Aligning School Districts and Municipalities
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5.14 Eyeballing City and School District Overlap Using Google Earth 5.14 Eyeballing City and School District Overlap Using Google Earth
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5.15 Cities and School Districts Are Not Strangers 5.15 Cities and School Districts Are Not Strangers
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5.16 Big-City Districts Are Vestiges of their Former Monopoly on High School 5.16 Big-City Districts Are Vestiges of their Former Monopoly on High School
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5.17 Racial Issues Inhibited City-Suburb Consolidation 5.17 Racial Issues Inhibited City-Suburb Consolidation
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5.18 Causes and Implications of City-District Overlap 5.18 Causes and Implications of City-District Overlap
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5.19 The Suburban School District Ratchet Effect 5.19 The Suburban School District Ratchet Effect
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5.20 Conclusion: Geography Rules 5.20 Conclusion: Geography Rules
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Five The Economic Geography of School Districts
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Published:November 2009
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Abstract
This chapter explains the differences in the geographic size of school districts by region of the country, especially why the South's school districts are so much larger in area. Race has a lot to do with it, but not always in ways that one would expect. The chapter examines the metropolitan structure of school districts to examine the parameters of “Tiebout competition,” in which households choose among different school districts to buy their homes. There is a lot of competition, but, more surprisingly, the variation in the competitive structure of urban districts is largely the product of previous rural conditions. Finally, the chapter presents the evidence that, despite their differing functions, legal status, and governance, school districts and municipal governments are not strangers to one another. The chapter has made a case for thinking about school districts in a national rather than a state-by-state context. The generalizations about school districts presented in the chapter are based primarily on political and population patterns that vary by region rather than by state.
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