Volume 212, Issue 1, April 2023

In this manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time that therapeutic administration of the immunopeptide, PEPITEM, limits the pathological impact of obesity on the pancreas and systemic leukocyte trafficking, dampening the effects of obesity-induced systemic low-grade inflammation. Further work is required to determine the utility of PEPITEM as an alternative strategy to reduce the risk of developing obesity-related co-morbidities, such as type-2 diabetes, in individuals at high risk and struggling to control their weight through lifestyle modifications.

Overview of the mechanisms of successful AIT treatment following allergen encounter. The following entities encompass the predominant changes surrounding AIT throughout a successful treatment: transition from an overall TH2 to a TH1 cell/cytokine profile; induction of immunosuppressive Treg cell and DCreg populations; IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, and IFN-γ increases; reduction in the allergen-specific IgE/IgG ratio, and decreased activity of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. (A) IL-2, TNF, IFN-γ; (B) IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13; (C) IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β; (D) Basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. Created with BioRender.com

Health alerts have been triggered across multiple countries with regards to reports of severe adenovirus-associated acute hepatitis in previously well children. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed and continue to be investigated worldwide. In this review, we discuss the potential aetiologies and underlying mechanisms of liver injury of this outbreak.

A novel anti-CENP-A Ab-specific epitope, shared with the major primary biliary cholangitis autoantigen PDC-E2, has been identified. The definition at a molecular level of this shared epitope sheds light on the origin of this subgroup of antibodies and discloses novel opportunities for investigation of their pathogenic significance. Sequence homology analysis indicates this motif is also expressed on exogenous antigens which may trigger the production of anti-CENP-A/ PDC-E2 cross-reacting antibodies.

Poor metabolic health and obesity in Black African populations contribute to increased susceptibility to disease, including COVID-19. Complement dysregulation has been linked to metabolic health and implicated as a driver of pathology; however, ethnic differences in complement have not been explored. We measured a panel of complement biomarkers in Black African and White European males and found significant differences in complement proteins and activation markers, the latter suggesting a propensity for complement dysregulation.

How to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major problem that needs to be resolved. The results of this study show that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibition with ISO-1 reverses the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on myocardial I/R injury in mice and reduces adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. The findings suggest that Dex has a positive effect on reducing the inflammatory response in mice with I/R injury and can improve adverse symptoms, and its mechanism of action may be related to the MIF-AMPK pathway.

BCG Tokyo-172 vaccine confers neuroprotection in active and spontaneous EAE, via inducing CD8 interleukin-10-secreting T-cells in the periphery and a differentiation of glial cells toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype.