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E Zonneveld-Huijssoon, S Albani, B J Prakken, F van Wijk, Heat shock protein bystander antigens for peptide immunotherapy in autoimmune disease, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Volume 171, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 20–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04627.x
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Summary
Mucosal administration of an antigen eliciting bystander suppression at the site of inflammation results in effective antigen-specific immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases. Heat shock proteins are bystander antigens that are effective in peptide-specific immunotherapy in both experimental and human autoimmune disease. The efficacy of preventive peptide immunotherapy is increased by enhancing peptide-specific immune responses with proinflammatory agents. Combining peptide-specific immunotherapy with general suppression of inflammation may improve its therapeutic effect.