... and the stunning beauty of the mountain chain overlooking Beirut, which appeared to be an inviolate sanctuary—Europeans viewed Mount Lebanon as an ideal site for the reformation of the Ottoman Empire. The chapter emphasizes that the cumulative presence on the land of so many Western writers, travelers...

...—of a larger reformist project implemented by local rulers, administrators, and bureaucrats throughout the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth century; it is also a conscious intellectual articulation of the need for reform and its manifestations by thinkers belonging to a variety of networks, groups...

... politics views it, in the framework of the Islamic polity and Islamic society, as an illegitimate exercise of power. This chapter corrects certain misconceptions regarding harems in the Ottoman Empire and explores the networks through which royal women in this gender-segregated society exercised power...

...This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the history of museums in the late-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. This book considers how the idea of the museum metamorphosed when it was forced to contend with different sets of political and cultural imperatives...

...This chapter describes the antique collections of Ottoman museums. It discusses the establishment of the sarcophagus museum and the museum enterprises outside of Istanbul. The chapter suggests that the adoption of Helleno-Byzantine antiquities as a cultural marker for the Ottoman Empire served...

... Christians Concert of Europe Egypt Lebanism London Convention 1840 Maronites Muhammad Ali Muslims Prussia Russia Shihabi Emirate Straits Convention 1841 Syria Bourrée Prosper Constantinople Guizot François Ottoman Empire Patriarchate Maronite shaykhs village headmen Thiers Adolph...

... Patriarch 1898–1931 Hubaysh Yusuf Patriarch 1823–45 Greater Lebanon Ottoman Empire World War I Druzes Jumblatt Nasib Zahla Bustani Butrus French Revolution Khairallah Khairallah Ottomanism Syrianism wilaya province Abdul Hamid II Sultan Britain Istanbul ‘Akkar Christians Juniya Lammens...

...This chapter covers developments in the Mountain in the wake of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. It examines how local elites struggled to adapt to the new conditions that emerged in the Ottoman Empire and how they alternated different programs and national representations according to rapidly...

...This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the history of Western conflict in the Middle East. The book looks at the origin of civilization and the formation of Islam's so-called bloody border, and examines the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire. It explores U.S...

... Karam Yusuf Maronites Paris Comte de Rashaya Zahla Beirut Bentivoglio Comte de Muslims Ottoman Empire Thouvenel Edouard Règlement Organique fondamental relatif à l’administration du Mont Liban 1861 Béclard Leon Britain French Expeditionary Force Greek Orthodox Dufferin Lord Greater Syria...

... of reform which made religion the site of colonial encounter between a self-styled “Christian” West and what it saw as its perennial adversary, an “Islamic” Ottoman Empire. The chapter explains that this encounter profoundly altered the meaning of religion in the multiconfessional society of Mount Lebanon...

...This rich history of Palestine in the last decade of the Ottoman Empire reveals the nation emerging as a cultural entity engaged in a vibrant intellectual, political, and social exchange of ideas and initiatives. Employing nuanced ethnography, rare autobiographies, and unpublished maps and photos...

... of his community. Christians France French Catholics Lebanism liberalism Maronites Mount Lebanon Muslims Syria Jabal Lubnan Jbayl Ottoman Empire Sayda taxes iltizam tax farming Ma‘anid Emirate miri lump sum collected by Emir muqata’jis local chiefs peasants Shihabi Emirate Tripoli...

... Emirate Shuf Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II Sultan Christians Istanbul liberalism Ottomanism Tanzimat period Britain Enlightenment Arabism Syrianism Damascus European Commission massacres of 1860 Nahda literary revival Sayda walis Ottoman provincial governors wilaya province ‘Ain Warqa...

... Sharif Jubran Jubran Khalil League for the Liberation of Syria and Lebanon Ottoman Empire Rihani Amin Tabet Ayyub United States World War I ‘Azm Hakki al Faysal Emir Maronites Mount Lebanon railways Sfeir ‘ Abdallah Syria Tawil Edgar Zenié Alphonse Arabism Bekaa Valley Christians...

... as the periphery of the Ottoman Empire. The chapter explains that contrary to Lamartine's depiction of a spiritual haven and to a Lebanese historiography which has constructed a narrative of national tolerance corrupted by sectarianism, violence existed in pre-1860 Ottoman Lebanese society that consisted primarily...

...This chapter focuses on the collection of antique spolia in Ottoman museums. It suggests that the roots of collection in the Ottoman Empire can only be understood in light of pre-Turkic and pan-Mediterranean practices of the reuse and display of valuable works of art, and that only against...

...This chapter focuses on the Islamic art collections of Imperial Museum of the Ottoman Empire. It explains that the empire chose not to include works of art and culture pertaining to its Ottoman or Islamic identity in its museum until 1889, and that despite Sultan Abdülhamid II's emphasis...

...This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the history of museums in the late-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. It suggests that the history constructed by Ottoman museums at the end of the empire reveals the processes through which modern Turkey came to possess its heritage...