
Contents
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Major Religions’ and Followers’ Attitudes about Homosexuality Major Religions’ and Followers’ Attitudes about Homosexuality
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The Power of Religious Rewards and Costs The Power of Religious Rewards and Costs
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Catholicism, Vatican II, and Liberal Attitudes about Homosexuality Catholicism, Vatican II, and Liberal Attitudes about Homosexuality
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The Key Role of Religious Importance in Shaping Attitudes The Key Role of Religious Importance in Shaping Attitudes
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Spurious Relationships, Religious Switching, and Changes to Religion Spurious Relationships, Religious Switching, and Changes to Religion
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Why Conservative Religious Environments Reduce Support for Homosexuality Why Conservative Religious Environments Reduce Support for Homosexuality
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The Role of the Dominant Religion The Role of the Dominant Religion
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Moral Communities and Public Opinion about Homosexuality Moral Communities and Public Opinion about Homosexuality
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Other Demographic Characteristics that Shape Attitudes Other Demographic Characteristics that Shape Attitudes
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Traditional Values, an Authoritarian Personality, and Contact Traditional Values, an Authoritarian Personality, and Contact
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The Powerful Influence of Overlapping Individual Characteristics The Powerful Influence of Overlapping Individual Characteristics
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Conclusion Conclusion
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1 The Importance of Religion, and the Role of Individual Differences
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Published:January 2017
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Abstract
Drawing on an original analysis of the last three waves of World Values Survey, this chapter explores the role of a nation’s religious context and individual demographic factors for shaping cross-national attitudes. Ideas drawn from rational choice theories of religion and religious contextual effects provide theoretical insight into how personal religious beliefs and overall levels of religious belief shape attitudes. The analysis shows that more religious residents and residents of nations with high levels of religious belief are more likely to disapprove of homosexuality. Distinctions are also drawn between the various major religions. Nations with a substantial number of people who adhere to Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, and a variety of Protestant faiths tend to have residents with more conservative views than those living in majority Catholic and mainline Protestant nations. The chapter ends by assessing the individual demographic factors that shape attitudes.
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