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Ignacia Zarate Mandujano Rios: A Daringly Responsible Intermediaria Ignacia Zarate Mandujano Rios: A Daringly Responsible Intermediaria
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Emboldening Moments Emboldening Moments
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Unconditional Support Unconditional Support
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An Awake Classroom An Awake Classroom
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Azucena Lopez: Emotional Courage and the Forging of an Awake House Azucena Lopez: Emotional Courage and the Forging of an Awake House
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Veneranda Torres: A Most Humane Intermediaria Veneranda Torres: A Most Humane Intermediaria
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Despierta Y Dedicada (Awake and Dedicated) Despierta Y Dedicada (Awake and Dedicated)
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An Intermediaria’s Education An Intermediaria’s Education
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The Expansion of an Awake House The Expansion of an Awake House
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Rosa De CastaÑo as Intermediaria Rosa De CastaÑo as Intermediaria
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Celebrating all of the Intermediarias Celebrating all of the Intermediarias
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Seven Awake Houses and Mujeres Intermediarias (Intermediary Women), 1958–1964
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Published:September 2014
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Abstract
Steeped in the oral life histories of Mexican women who shouldered the emotional, physical, and financial accountability of raising families separated from their bracero husbands across the U.S.-Mexico border, this chapter illuminates the spaces, conversations, and inroads these women shared to forge awake houses. These houses, over time, provided these women with the solace, inspiration, moral support, and information to persevere in their pursuit of developing productive outlooks, lines of communication with their families, and goals toward facing a most traumatic family situation together. This distinct brand of solidarity increasingly drew young single women to act as the most dedicated and trustworthy of allies for women married to braceros and other Mexican immigrant men.
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