
Contents
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Contextualizing Radicalism in the Eastern Mediterranean: Globalization and Change, 1860–1914 Contextualizing Radicalism in the Eastern Mediterranean: Globalization and Change, 1860–1914
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The Making of the Popular: New Classes, Institutions, and Categories The Making of the Popular: New Classes, Institutions, and Categories
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The Nahḍa Revisited: a Historiographical Challenge The Nahḍa Revisited: a Historiographical Challenge
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Nexus and Networks: an Approach to Studying the Radical Moment Nexus and Networks: an Approach to Studying the Radical Moment
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Cite
Abstract
A wide variety of radical leftist ideas in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries began circulating among segments of the populations of Eastern Mediterranean cities. These ideas, which are best defined as selective adaptations of socialist and anarchic principles, included specific calls for social justice, workers' rights, mass secular education, and anticlericalism, and more broadly a general challenge to the existing social and political order at home and abroad. The ideas of social justice that constituted central themes in leftist thought rarely had a reformist agenda. Radicals in Beirut, Cairo, and Alexandria forged a culture of contestation in which they challenged existing and emerging class boundaries, redefined notions of foreignness and belonging, and promoted alternative visions of the social and world order.
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