Prosody in Medieval English and Norse
Published online:
21 September 2023
Published in print:
13 April 2023
Online ISBN:
9780191995903
Print ISBN:
9780197267462
Contents
End Matter
References
-
Published:April 2023
Cite
'References', Prosody in Medieval English and Norse (London , 2023; online edn, British Academy Scholarship Online, 21 Sept. 2023), https://doi.org/, accessed 15 May 2025.
Adamczyk, Elżbieta.
2018
. Reshaping of nominal inflection in early northern West Germanic
. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., R. M. W. Dixon & Nathan M. White.
2020
. The essence of a ‘word’. In Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, R. M. W. Dixon & Nathan M. White (eds.), Phonological word and grammatical word: A cross-linguistic typology
, 1–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Alexander, Gerhard.
1981
. Der einsilbige Versschluß in den Eddaliedern.
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
110. 193–210.Anderson, J. J. (ed.).
1969
. Patience
. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Anderson, Stephen R.
2005
. Aspects of the theory of clitics
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Andrew, Malcolm & Ronald Waldron (eds.).
2007
. The poems of the Pearl manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
. 5th edn. (Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies). Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Andrew, S. O.
1948
. Postscript on Beowulf
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Antonsen, Elmer H.
1975
. A concise grammar of the Older Runic inscriptions
. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Arnold, E. Vernon.
1905
. Vedic metre in its historical development
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Attridge, Derek.
1982
. The rhythms of English poetry
. London: Longman.Ball, C. J. E.
1970
. The language of the Vespasian Psalter Gloss: Two caveats.
The Review of English Studies
21. 462–465.Bammesberger, Alfred.
1982
. Der Optativ bei athematischen Verbalstämmen im Altenglischen.
Anglia
100. 413–418.Bammesberger, Alfred.
1986
. Der Aufbau des germanischen Verbalsystems
. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Bammesberger, Alfred.
1990
. Die Morphologie des urgermanischen Nomens
. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Bammesberger, Alfred.
2001
. Further thoughts on Beowulf, line 1537a: gefeng þa be [f]eaxe. Notes and Queries
48. 3–4.Bammesberger, Alfred.
2006
. Eight notes on the Beowulf text. In John Walmsley (ed.), Inside Old English: Essays in honour of Bruce Mitchell
, 19–37. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Barber, P. J.
2013
. Sievers’ Law and the history of semivowel syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Barrack, Charles M.
1998
. Sievers’ law in Germanic
. New York: Peter Lang.Basbøll, Hans.
2005
. The phonology of Danish
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Baumann, Andreas, Christina Prömer & Nikolaus Ritt.
2020
. Reconstructing the diffusion of Middle English schwa deletion.
Italian Journal of Linguistics
32. 191–210.Becker, Thomas. 2002. Zur neuhochdeutschen Dehnung in offener Tonsilbe. In David Restle & Dietmar Zaefferer (eds.),
Sounds and systems: Studies in structure and change
, 35–58. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Bennett, Ryan.
2018
. Recursive prosodic words in Kaqchikel (Mayan).
Glossa
3. 1–33.Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo.
1998
. Prosodic optimization: The Middle English length adjustment.
English Language and Linguistics
2. 169–197.Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2005. A-stem nouns in West Saxon: Synchrony. Ms. University of Newcastle upon Tyne. http://www.bermudez-otero.com/lifecycle_chapter4.pdf.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2018. Diagnostics of the moraic trochee from Proto-Germanic to present-day English. Paper presented at the Workshop on the foot in the phonological history of English, ICEHL XX, Edinburgh, 27 August 2018. http://www.bermudez-otero.com/20icehl.pdf.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo & Richard M. Hogg.
2003
. The actuation problem in Optimality Theory: Phonologization, rule inversion, and rule loss. In D. Eric Holt (ed.), Optimality theory and language change
, 91–120. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Birkmann, Thomas.
1995
. Von Ågedal bis Malt: Die skandinavischen Runeninschriften vom Ende des 5. bis Ende des 9. Jahrhunderts
. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Blake, N. F.
1969
. Rhythmical alliteration.
Modern Philology
67. 118–124.Blau, Bernard. 1949. The Indo-European suffix-eno-,-ono-,-no-in the past participle of Germanic strong verbs. New York University PhD diss.
Blevins, Juliette.
2004
. Evolutionary phonology: The emergence of sound patterns
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Bliss, Alan J.
1952
. Vowel-quantity in Middle English borrowings from Anglo-Norman.
Archivum Linguisticum
4. 121–147.Bliss, Alan J.
1953
. Vowel-quantity in Middle English borrowings from Anglo-Norman (continued).
Archivum Linguisticum
5. 22–47.Bliss, Alan J.
1962
. The metre of Beowulf
. Corrected reprint. Oxford: Blackwell.Boutkan, Dirk.
1995
. The Germanic ‘Auslautgesetze’
. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Brate, Erik (ed.). 1911–
1918
. Sveriges runinskrifter II: Östergötlands runinskrifter
. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien.Brate, Erik & Elias Wessén (eds.). 1924–
1936
. Sveriges runinskrifter III: Södermanlands runinskrifter
. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien.Braune, Wilhelm.
2004
a. Althochdeutsche Grammatik I: Laut-und Formenlehre
. Ingo Reiffenstein (ed.). 15th edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Braune, Wilhelm.
2004
b. Gotische Grammatik
. Frank Heidermanns (ed.). 20th edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Bredehoft, Thomas A.
2004
. Ælfric and late Old English verse.
Anglo-Saxon England
33. 77–107.Bredehoft, Thomas A.
2005
. Early English metre
. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.ten Brink, Bernhard.
1901
. The language and metre of Chaucer
. Friedrich Kluge (ed.). 2nd ed. Trans. by M. Bentinck Smith. London: Macmillan & Co.Brook, G. L. & R. F. Leslie (eds.).
1963
. Laȝamon: Brut
. Vol. 1 (The Early English Text Society No. 250). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Brook, G. L. & R. F. Leslie (eds.).
1978
. Laȝamon: Brut
. Vol. 2 (The Early English Text Society No. 277). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Brugger, E.
1893
. Zur lautlichen Entwicklung der englischen Schriftsprache im Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts.
Anglia
15. 261–344.Bugge, Sophus (ed.).
1867
. Norroen fornkvæði
. Christiania: P. T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel.Bugge, Sophus.
1879
. Nogle bidrag til det norröne sprogs og den norröne digtnings historie, hentede fra verslæren. In Ludv. F. A. Wimmer (ed.), Beretning om forhandlingerne på det første nordiske filologmøde i København den 18.-21. juli 1876
, 140–149. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag.Burnley, David.
1982
. Inflexion in Chaucer’s adjectives.
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen
83. 169–178.Byrd, Andrew Miles.
2010
a. Motivating Sievers’ law. In Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert & Brent Vine (eds.), Proceedings of the 21st annual UCLA Indo-European conference
, 45–67. Bremen: Hempen Verlag.Byrd, Andrew Miles. 2010b. Reconstructing Indo-European syllabification. University of California, Los Angeles PhD diss.
Byrd, Andrew Miles.
2018
. The phonology of Proto-Indo-European. In Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph & Matthias Fritz (eds.), Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics
, 2056–2079. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Cable, Thomas M.
1971
. Constraints on anacrusis in Old English meter.
Modern Philology
69. 97–104.Cable, Thomas M.
1974
. The meter and melody of Beowulf
. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Cable, Thomas M.
1990
. Middle English meter and its theoretical implications.
The Yearbook of Langland Studies
2. 47–69.Cable, Thomas M.
1991
. The English alliterative tradition
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Cable, Thomas M.
2003
. Kaluza’s law and the progress of Old English metrics. In Paula Fikkert & Haike Jacobs (eds.), Development in prosodic systems
, 145–158. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Cameron, Angus, Ashley Crandell Amos & Antonette diPaolo Healey (eds.).
2018
. Dictionary of Old English: A to I online
. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project.Campbell, Alistair.
1983
. Old English grammar
. Corrected reprint. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Clackson, James.
2007
. Indo-European linguistics: An introduction
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Clapp, Edward Bull.
1906
. On correption in hiatus.
Classical Philology
1. 239–252.Clements, George N. & Samuel Jay Keyser.
1983
. CV phonology: A generative theory of the syllable
. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Clunies Ross, Margaret.
2005
. A history of Old Norse poetry and poetics
. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Clunies Ross, Margaret.
2017
. Bragi inn gamli Boddason, Ragnarsdrápa. In Kari Ellen Gade & Edith Marold (eds.), Poetry from treatises on poetics
(Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3), 26–46. Turnhout: Brepols.Cockayne, Oswald.
1865
. Leechdoms, wortcunning, and starcraft of early England
. Vol. II. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green.Cooper, Erik.
2013
. Laȝamon’s prosody: Caligula and Otho – Metres apart. In Rosamund Allen, Jane Roberts & Carole Weinberg (eds.), Reading Laȝamon’s Brut: Approaches and explorations
, 419–441. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Cornelius, Ian.
2017
. Reconstructing alliterative verse: The pursuit of a medieval meter
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Cowen, Janet M.
1987
. Metrical problems in editing The Legend of Good Women. In Pearsall 1987, 26–34.Craigie, William A.
1900
. On some points in Skaldic metre.
Arkiv för nordisk filologi
16. 341–384.Curzan, Anne & Kimberley Emmons (eds.).
2004
. Studies in the history of the English language II: Unfolding conversations
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Cutler, Anne.
1994
. The perception of rhythm in language.
Cognition
50. 79–81.d’Ardenne, S. R. T. O. (ed.).
1961
. Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene
(The Early English Text Society No. 248). Oxford: Oxford University Press.d’Ardenne, S. R. T. O. (ed.).
1977
. The Katherine Group: Edited from MS. Bodley 34
. Paris: Société d’Édition ‘Les Belles Lettres’.d’Ardenne, S. R. T. O. & E. J. Dobson (eds.).
1981
. Seinte Katerine: Re-edited from MS Bodley 34 and the other manuscripts (The Early English Text Society, Supplementary Series No. 7). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Dahl, Ivar.
1938
. Substantival inflexion in Early Old English: Vocalic stems
. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.Dance, Richard.
2003
. Words derived from Old Norse in Early Middle English: Studies in the vocabulary of the South-West Midland texts
. Temple, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval & Renaissance Studies.Davis, Stuart.
2004
. Capitalistic v. militaristic: The paradigm uniformity effect reconsidered. In Laura J. Downing, T. Alan Hall & Renate Raffelsiefen (eds.), Paradigms in phonological theory
, 107–121. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Davis, Stuart.
2011
. Quantity. In John Goldsmith, Jason Riggle & Alan C. L. Yu (eds.), The handbook of phonological theory
, 2nd edn., 103–140. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Davis, Stuart & Marwa Ragheb.
2014
. Geminate representaiton in Arabic. In Samira Farwaneh & Hamid Ouali (eds.), Perspectives on Arabic linguistics XXIV–XXV
, 3–19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Derolez, René.
1970
. Some notes on the Liber Scintillarum and its Old English gloss (BM, Ms. Royal 7 C iv). In James L. Rosier (ed.), Philological essays: Studies in Old and Middle English language and literature in honour of Herbert Dean Meritt
, 142–151. The Hague: Mouton.Diensberg, Bernhard.
1975
. Morphologische Untersuchungen zur Ancrene Riwle: Die Verbalflexion nach den MSS Corpus Christi College Cambridge 402, B. M. Cotton Cleopatra C. vi, B. M. Cotton Nero A. xiv
. Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität.Dixon, R. M. W.
1988
. A grammar of Boumaa Fijian
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Dixon, R. M. W. & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald.
2002
. Word: A typological framework. In R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), Word: A crosslinguistic typology
, 1–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dobson, E. J.
1957
. English pronunciation: 1500–1700
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Dobson, E. J.
1962
. Middle English lengthening in open syllables.
Transactions of the Philological Society
61. 124–148.Donoghue, Daniel.
1987
a. On the classification of b-verses with anacrusis in Beowulf and Andreas. Notes and Queries
232. 1–6.Donoghue, Daniel.
1987
b. Style in Old English poetry: The test of the auxiliary
. New Haven: Yale University Press.Dresher, B. Elan.
1985
. Old English and the theory of phonology
. New York: Garland Publishing.Dresher, B. Elan.
2009
. The contrastive hierarchy in phonology
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dresher, B. Elan.
2014
. The arch not the stones: Universal feature theory without universal features.
Nordlyd
41. 165–181.Dresher, B. Elan & Aditi Lahiri.
1991
. The Germanic foot: Metrical coherence in Old English.
Linguistic Inquiry
2. 251–286.Dresher, B. Elan & Aditi Lahiri.
2005
. Main stress left in early Middle English. In Michael Fortescue et al. (eds.), Historical linguistics 2003: Selected papers from the 16th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Copenhagen, 10–15 August 2003
, 75–85. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Dresher, B. Elan & Aditi Lahiri.
2022
. The foot in the history of English: Challenges to metrical coherence. In Bettelou Los et al. (eds.), English historical linguistics: Change in structure and meaning
, 41–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Dronke, Ursula.
1969
. The Poetic Edda
: Vol. I: Heroic poems. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Dronke, Ursula.
1997
. The Poetic Edda
: Vol. II: Mythological poems I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Dronke, Ursula.
2011
. The Poetic Edda
: Vol. III: Mythological poems II. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Drout, Michael D. C. & Nelson Goering.
2020
. The emendation Eorle (Heruli) in Beowulf, line 6a: Setting the poem in “the named lands of the North”. Modern Philology
117. 285–300.Duanmu, San.
2007
. The phonology of standard Chinese
. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Duanmu, San.
2016
. A theory of phonological features
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Duggan, Hoyt N.
1986
. The shape of the b-verse in Middle English alliterative poetry.
Speculum
61. 564–592.Duggan, Hoyt N.
1987
. Notes towards a theory of Langland’s meter.
The Yearbook of Langland Studies
1. 41–70.Duggan, Hoyt N.
1988
. Final-e and the rhythmic structure of the b-verse in Middle English alliterative poetry. Modern Philology
86. 119–145.Duncan, Edwin. 1985. Stress, meter, and alliteration in Old English poetry. University of Texas at Austin PhD diss.
Duncan, Edwin.
1993
. Weak stress and poetic constraints in Old English verse.
The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
92. 495–508.Duncan, Edwin.
1994
. Metrical and alliterative relationships in Old English and Old Saxon verse.
Studies in Philology
91. 1–12.Düwel, Klaus.
2008
. Runenkunde
. 4th edn. Stuttgart: Metzler.Ecay, Aaron & Susan Pintzuk.
2016
. The syntax of Old English poetry and the dating of Beowulf. In Neidorf, Pascual & Shippey 2016, 144–171.Eythórsson, Thórhallur.
2013
. Three daughters and a funeral: Re-reading the Tune inscription.
Futhark
3. 7–43.Fabb, Nigel & Morris Halle.
2008
. Meter in poetry: A new theory
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Fidjestøl, Bjarne.
1999
. The dating of Eddic Poetry: A historical survey and methodological investigation
. Odd Einar Haugen (ed.) (Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana, XLI). Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzels Forlag.Fikkert, Paula.
2000
. Prosodic variation in ‘Lutgart’.
In Lahiri 2000a, 301–332.Fikkert, Paula, B. Elan Dresher & Aditi Lahiri.
2006
. Prosodic preferences: From Old English to Early Modern English.
In van Kemenade & Los 2006, 125–150.Finch, R. G. (ed.).
1965
. Vǫlsunga saga: The saga of the Volsungs
. London: Nelson.Finlay, Alison.
2012
. Glúmr Geirason, Gráfeldardrápa
. In Whaley 2012, 245–266.Finnur Jónsson (ed.).
1967
a. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
. Vol. IA: Tekst efter håndskrifterne. Copenhagen: Roskilde og Bagger.Finnur Jónsson (ed.).
1967
b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
. Vol. IB: Tekst efter håndskrifterne. Copenhagen: Roskilde og Bagger.Finnur Jónsson (ed.).
1973
a. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
. Vol. 2A: Rettet tekst. Copenhagen: Roskilde og Bagger.Finnur Jónsson (ed.).
1973
b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
. Vol. 2B: Rettet tekst. Copenhagen: Roskilde og Bagger.Fix, Hans.
1995
. Zu Worttrennung und Syllabierung im altnorwegischen Homilienbuch.
Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 42. 13–29.Fix, Hans & Thomas Birkmann.
1998
. Die Worttrennung am Zeilenende in Handschriften der Snorra Edda. In Hans Fix (ed.), Snorri Sturluson. Beiträge zu Werk und Rezeption
, 23–33. Berlin: de Gruyter.Fortson, Benjamin W., IV.
2010
. Indo-European language and culture
. 2nd edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Franck, J.
1909
. Altfränkische Grammatik: Laut-und Flexionslehre
. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Frank, Roberta.
1978
. Old Norse court poetry: The dróttkvætt stanza
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Frank, Roberta.
2022
. The etiquette of early Northern verse
. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Fulk, R. D.
1992
. A history of Old English meter
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Fulk, R. D.
1995
. Kuryłowicz on resolution in Old English. In W. Smoczyński (ed.), Analecta Indoeuropaea Cracoviensia, vol. II: Kuryłowicz Memorial Volume. Part One
, 491–497. Cracow: Universitas.Fulk, R. D.
1996
. Consonant doubling and open syllable lengthening in the
Ormulum. Anglia 114. 481–513.Fulk, R. D.
2002
. Early Middle English evidence for Old English meter: Resolution in
Poema morale. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 14. 331–355.Fulk, R. D.
2004
. Old English poetry and the Alliterative Revival: On Geoffrey Russom’s ‘The evolution of Middle English alliterative meter’.
In Curzan & Emmons 2004, 305–312.Fulk, R. D.
2007
. Old English meter and oral tradition: Three issues bearing on poetic chronology.
The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
106. 304–324.Fulk, R. D.
2010
. The roles of phonology and analogy in Old English high vowel deletion.
Transactions of the Philological Society
108. 126–144.Fulk, R. D.
2012
a. An introduction to Middle English
. London: Broadview Press.Fulk, R. D.
2012
b. Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur
. In Whaley 2012, 578–614.Fulk, R. D.
2012
c. Þorkell klyppr Þórðarson, Lausavísa
. In Whaley 2012, 269–270.Fulk, R. D.
2016
. Eddic metres. In Carolyne Larrington, Judy Quinn & Brittany Schorn (eds.), A handbook to eddic poetry
, 252–270. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Fulk, R. D.
2018
. A comparative grammar of the early Germanic languages
. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Fulk, R. D., Robert E. Bjork & John D. Niles (eds.).
2008
. Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg
. 4th edn. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Furnivall, F. J. & Katharine B. Locock (eds.).
1905
. The pilgrimage of the life of man, Englished by John Lydgate, A.D. 1426
. London: Nichols & Sons.Gade, Kari Ellen.
1995
. The structure of Old Norse dróttkvætt poetry
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Gade, Kari Ellen.
2002
. History of Old Nordic metrics. In Oskar Bandle et al. (eds.), The Nordic languages: An international handbook of the history of the North Germanic languages
, vol. 1, 856–870. Berlin: De Gruyter.Gallée, Johan Hendrik.
1993
. Altsächsische Grammatik
. Heinrich Tiefenbach (ed.). 3rd edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Garrett, Edward.
1999
. Minimal words aren’t minimal feet.
UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics
1. 68–105.Gering, Hugo.
1869
. Zur Lieder-Edda II.
Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie
29. 49–63.Gering, Hugo.
1902
. Die Rhythmik des Ljóðaháttr.
Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie
34. 162–234, 454–504.Gering, Hugo & B. Sijmons.
1931
. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda: Zweite Hälfte: Heldenlieder
. Halle: Waisenhaus.Getty, Michael.
2002
. The metre of Beowulf: A constraint-based approach
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Goblirsch, Kurt.
2018
. Gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening: On the history of quantity in Germanic
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Goering, Nelson.
2016
a. Early Old English foot structure.
Transactions of the Philological Society
114. 171–197.Goering, Nelson. 2016b. The linguistic elements of Old Germanic metre: Phonology, metrical theory, and the development of alliterative verse. University of Oxford DPhil diss. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d49ea9d5-da3f-4796-8af8-a08a1716d191.
Goering, Nelson.
2019
. Metrics, scribes, and Beowulf: A response to Neidorf (2017), The Transmission of Beowulf. Neophilologus 103. 115–126.Goering, Nelson.
2020
a. (Proto-)Germanic alliterative verse: Linguistic limits on a cultural phenomenon. In Matthias Friedrich & James Harland (eds.), Interrogating the ‘Germanic’
, 241–250. Berlin: De Gruyter.Goering, Nelson.
2020
b. Eduard Sievers’ Altgermanische Metrik 125 years on. In Paula Rodríguez-Puente, Rodrigo Pérez-Lorido & Carlos Prado-Alonso (eds.), Of ye Olde Englisch langage and textes: New perspectives on Old and Middle English language and literature
, 139–161. Bern: Peter Lang.Goering, Nelson.
2020
c. The terrible bite of fire: Metre, sound change, and emendation in Beowulf 1122. English Studies
101. 909–920.Goering, Nelson.
2021
a. Kaluza’s law and secondary stress.
Transactions of the Philological Society
119. 55–82.Goering, Nelson.
2021
b. Phonological evidence for resolution in Early Middle English.
Journal of English and Germanic Philology
120. 465–489.Goering, Nelson.
2021
c. Review of A comparative grammar of the early Germanic languages by R. D. Fulk. English Studies
102. 144–153.Goldsmith, John.
2011
. The syllable. In John Goldsmith, Jason Riggle & Alan C. L. Yu (eds.), The handbook of phonological theory
, 164–196. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Gordon, Matthew Kelly.
2006
. Syllable weight: Phonetics, phonology, typology
. London: Routledge.Griffith, Mark (ed.).
1997
. Judith
. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.Griffith, Mark.
2018
. Extra alliteration on stressed syllables in Old English poetry: Types, uses and evolution.
Anglo-Saxon England
47. 69–176.Grijzenhout, Janet & Barış Kabak (eds.).
2009
. Phonological domains: universals and deviations
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Grønvik, Ottar.
1983
. Runeinskriften på Rök-steinen.
Maal og Minne
. 101–150.Grønvik, Ottar.
1998
. Untersuchungen zur älteren nordischen und germanischen Sprachgeschichte
. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Grundtvig, Nicolai Frederik Severin.
1861
. Beowulfes beorh
. Copenhagen: Karl Schönberg.Guðrún Þórhallsdóttir et al. (eds.).
2002
. Linguistic studies, historical and comparative
. Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics.Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Bernharðsson & Vésteinn Ólason (eds.).
2019
. The Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda: Konungsbók Eddukvæða GKS 2365 4to. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússonar.Gunkel, Dieter & Kevin Ryan.
2011
. Hiatus avoidance and metrification in the Rigveda. In Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert & Brent Vine (eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd annual UCLA Indo-European conference
, 53–68. Bremen: Hempen.Gunn, Nikolas. 2017. Contact and Christianization: Reassessing purported English loanwords in Old Norse. University of York PhD diss.
Hale, Mark.
2007
. Historical linguistics: Theory and method
. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Hale, Mark & Charles Reiss.
2008
. The phonological enterprise
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hall, T. A., Kristine A. Hildebrandt & Balthasar Bickel.
2008
. Introduction: Theory and typology of the word.
Linguistics
46. 187–192.Halle, Morris & Jean-Roger Vergnaud.
1987
. An essay on stress
. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Ham, William H.
2001
. Phonetic and phonological aspects of geminate timing
. London: Routledge.Hamel, Mary (ed.).
1984
. Morte Arthure: A critical edition
. New York: Garland.Han, Jeong-Im. 1996. The phonetics and phonology of “tense” and “plain” consonants in Korean. Cornell University PhD diss.
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association
. 1999
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Hanna, Ralph, III.
1995
. Defining Middle English alliterative poetry. In M. T. Tavormina & R. F. Yeager (eds.), The endless knot: Essays on Old and Middle English in honor of Marie Borroff
, 43–64. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Hartman, Megan E.
2020
. Poetic style and innovation in Old English, Old Norse, and Old Saxon
. Berlin: De Gruyter.Haugen, Einar (ed.).
1972
. First grammatical treatise: The earliest Germanic phonology
. 2nd edn. London: Longman.Haukur Þorgeirsson.
2012
. The origins of anacrusis in fornyrðislag. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
134. 25–38.Hayes, Bruce.
1983
. A grid-based theory of English meter.
Linguistic Inquiry
14. 357–393.Hayes, Bruce.
1989
. Compensatory lengthening in moraic phonology.
Linguistic Inquiry
20. 253–306.Hayes, Bruce.
1995
. Metrical stress theory: Principles and case studies
. London: The University of Chicago Press.Hermann, Eduard.
1923
. Silbenbildung im Griechischen und in den andern indogermanischen Sprachen
. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Heslop, Kate.
2012
. Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson, Lausavísur
. In Whaley 2012, 375–378.Heslop, Kate.
2022
. Viking mediologies: A new history of skaldic poetics
. New York: Fordham University Press.Heusler, Andreas.
1890
. Der Ljóþaháttr: Eine metrische Untersuchung
. Berlin: Mayer & Müller.Heusler, Andreas.
1925
. Deutsche Versgeschichte: mit Einschluss des altenglischen und altnordischen Stabreimverses
. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Heusler, Andreas & Wilhelm Ranisch (eds.).
1903
. Eddica minora: Dichtung eddischer Art aus den Fornaldarsögur und anderen Prosawerken
. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Hildebrandt, Kristine A.
2015
. The prosodic word. In John R. Taylor (ed.), The Oxford handbook of the word
, 221–245. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hill, Eugen.
2005
. Akzentuierung der Superlative, das Wort für ‘Wind’ und Akzentverschiebung nach Dreisilbengesetz in der Vorgeschichte des Germanischen
”. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction
2. 101–122.Hoffmann, E.
1887
. Die Vocale der lippischen Mundart
. Hannover: Helwing.Hofmann, Dietrich.
1969
. Die ‘spätgermanische’ Silbenquantitätsverschiebung und die Doppelschreibung alter kurzer Konsonanten in den altwestfriesischen Quellen. In Studia Frisica in memoriam Prof. Dr. K. Fokkema
, 67–75. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoof.Hofmann, Dietrich.
1991
a. Die Versstrukturen der altsächsischen Stabreimgedichte Heliand und Genesis: Textband
. Vol. 1. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Hofmann, Dietrich.
1991
b. Die Versstrukturen der altsächsischen Stabreimgedichte Heliand und Genesis: Verslisten
. Vol. 2. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Hogg, Richard M.
2000
. On the (non-)existence of High Vowel Deletion.
In Lahiri 2000a, 353–376.Hogg, Richard M.
2011
. A grammar of Old English
. Vol. 1: Phonology. Reprint. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Hogg, Richard M. & R. D. Fulk.
2011
. A grammar of Old English
. Vol. 2: Morphology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Hollifield, Patrick Henry.
1980
. The phonological development of final syllables in Germanic.
Die Sprache
26. 19–53, 145–178.Holt, Robert (ed.).
1878
. The Ormulum: With the notes and glossary of Dr. R. M. White
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Holthausen, F. (ed.).
1909
. Beowulf: Nebst den kleineren Denkmälern der Heldensage
. 2nd edn. Vol. I: Texte und Namenverzeichnis. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Holthausen, F.
1912
. Zu den altenglischen Rätseln.
Anglia
35. 165–177.Horstmann, C.
1881
. Altenglische Legenden
. Heilbronn: Gebrüder Henninger.Hreinn Benediktsson.
1982
. Nordic umlaut and breaking: Thirty years of research (1951–1980).
Nordic Journal of Linguistics
5. 1–60.Hreinn Benediktsson.
2002
a. Indirect changes of phonological structure: Nordic vowel quantity.
In Guðrún Þórhallsdóttir et al. 2002, 164–189.Hreinn Benediktsson.
2002
b. The non-uniqueness of phonemic solutions: Quantity and stress in Icelandic.
In Guðrún Þórhallsdóttir et al. 2002, 243–254.van der Hulst, Harry.
1999
. Word accent. In Harry van der Hulst (ed.), Word prosodic systems in the languages of Europe
, 3–115. Berlin: De Gruyter.van der Hulst, Harry.
2010
. Word accent: Terms, typologies and theories. In Harry van der Hulst, Rob Goedemans & Ellen van Zanten (eds.), A survey of word accentual patterns in the languages of the world
, 3–53. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.van der Hulst, Harry & Nancy A. Ritter (eds.).
1999
. The syllable: Views and facts
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Hutcheson, B. R.
1995
. Old English poetic metre
. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Hutcheson, B. R.
2004
. Kaluza’s Law, the dating of Beowulf, and the Old English poetic tradition. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
103. 297–322.Hutton, John.
1998
. The development of secondary stress in Old English. In Richard M. Hogg & Linda van Bergen (eds.), Historical linguistics 1995
, vol. 2: Germanic Linguistics, 115–130. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Hyman, Larry M.
1985
. A theory of phonological weight
. Dordrecht: Foris.Idsardi, William J.
1994
. Open and closed feet in Old English.
Linguistic Inquiry
25. 522–533.Inoue, Noriko. 2002. The a-verse of the alliterative long line and the metre of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. University of Bristol PhD diss.
Inoue, Noriko.
2009
. To/for to + infinitive and the long medial dip in the a-verse.
In Jefferson & Putter 2009, 59–75.Inoue, Noriko & Myra Stokes.
2010
. The caesura and the rhythmic shape of the a-verse in the poems of the alliterative revival.
Leeds Studies in English
40. 1–26.Iosad, Pavel.
2017
. A substance-free framework for phonology: An analysis of the Breton dialect of Bothoa
. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Ito, Junko & Armin Mester.
1992
. Weak layering and word binarity. In Honma Takeru et al. (eds.), A new century of phonology and phonological theory
, 26–65. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Ito, Junko & Armin Mester.
2021
. Recursive prosody and the prosodic form of compounds.
Languages
6. 1–24.Iversen, Ragnvald.
1973
. Norrøn grammatikk
. E. F. Halvorsen (ed.). 7th edn. Oslo: Aschehoug.Iverson, Gregory K. & Joseph C. Salmons.
2004
. The conundrum of Old Norse umlaut: Sound change versus crisis analogy.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
16. 77–110.Iverson, Gregory K. & Joseph C. Salmons.
2012
. Paradigm resolution in the life cycle of Norse umlaut.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
24. 101–131.Jack, George.
1991
. The language of the early Middle English texts in MS Royal 17 A.
xxvii. Studia Neophilologica
63. 129–142.Jacobsen, Lis & Erik Moltke (eds.). 1941–
1942
. Danmarks runeindskrifter
. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaar.Jakobson, Roman.
1962
. Die Betonung und ihre Rolle in der Wort-und Syntagmaphonologie. In Roman Jakobson (ed.), Selected writings
, vol. 1. Phonological Studies, 117–136. The Hague: Mouton.Jakobson, Roman.
1985
. My favourite topics. In Stephen Rudy (ed.), Selected writings
, vol. 7. Contributions to Comparative Mythology. Studies in Linguistics and Philology, 1972–1982, 371–376. The Hague: Mouton.Jefferson, Judith & Ad Putter (eds.).
2009
. Approaches to the metres of alliterative verse
. Leeds: Leeds Texts & Monographs.Jefferson, Judith A.
1987
. The Hoccleve holographs and Hoccleve’s metrical practice.
In Pearsall 1987, 95–110.Jensen, John T.
2000
. Against ambisyllabicity.
Phonology
17. 187–235.Jesch, Judith.
2012
a. Jórunn skáldmær, Sendibítr
. In Whaley 2012, 143–149.Jesch, Judith.
2012
b. Sigvatr Þórðarson, Poem about Queen Ástríðr
. In Whaley 2012, 645–649.Jiriczek, Otto L.
1926
. Der Lautwert des runischen R zur Vikingerzeit. Englische Studien
60. 217–237.Johannesson, Nils-Lennart & Andrew Cooper (eds.).
2022
. The Ormulum
. Vol. I: Text and glossary (The Early English Text Society No. 360). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Jón Helgason (ed.).
1924
. Heiðreks saga. Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks konungs
. Copenhagen: Trykt Hos J. Jørgensen & Co.Jónas Kristjánsson & Vésteinn Ólason (eds.).
2014
a. Eddukvæði I: Goðakvæði
. Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag.Jónas Kristjánsson & Vésteinn Ólason (eds.).
2014
b. Eddukvæði II: Hetjukvæði
. Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag.Jungner, Hugo & Elisabeth Svärdström (eds.). 1940–1970.
Sveriges runinskrifter V: Östergötlands runinskrifter
. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien.Kager, René.
2007
. Feet and metrical stress. In Paul de Lacy (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of phonology
, 195–228. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Kaluza, Max.
1894
a. Studien zum germanischen Alliterationsvers
. Vol. I. Weimar: Emil Felber.Kaluza, Max.
1894
b. Studien zum germanischen Alliterationsvers
. Vol. II. Weimar: Emil Felber.Kaluza, Max.
1896
. Zur Betonungs-und Verslehre des Altenglischen. In Festschrift zum siebzigsten Geburtstage Oskar Schades
, 101–133. Königsberg: Hartung.Kaluza, Max.
1909
. Englische Metrik in historischer Entwicklung dargestellt
. Berlin: Felber.Kaluza, Max.
1911
. A short history of English versification
. Trans. by A. C. Dunstan. London: George Allen & Company.Kemble, John M.
1835
. The Anglo-Saxon poems of Beowulf, The Travellers Song and The Battle of Finnesburg
. 2nd edn. London: William Pickering.van Kemenade, Ans & Bettelou Los (eds.).
2006
. The handbook of the history of English
. Oxford: Blackwell.Kendall, Calvin B.
1991
. The metrical grammar of ‘Beowulf’
(Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 5). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Keyser, S. J. & Wayne O’Neil.
1985
. Rule generalization and optionality in language change
(Studies in Generative Grammar 23). Dortrecht: Foris.Kiernan, Kevin S. (ed.). 2015. Electronic Beowulf. https://ebeowulf.uky.edu/ebeo4.
Kim, Myungsook.
1993
. On lengthening in the open syllables of Middle English.
Lingua
91. 261–277.Kim, Mi-Ryoung & San Duanmu.
2004
. “Tense” and “lax” stops in Korean.
Journal of East Asian Linguistics
13. 59–104.Kinander, Ragnar (ed.). 1935–
1961
. Sveriges runinskrifter IV: Smålands runinskrifter
. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien.Kiparsky, Paul.
1998
. Sievers’ law as prosodic optimization. In Jay Jasanoff, H. Craig Melchert & Lisi Oliver (eds.), Mír curad: Studies in honor of Calvert Watkins
(Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 92), 345–360. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.Kiparsky, Paul.
2000
. Analogy as optimization: ‘Exceptions’ to Sievers’ law in Gothic.
In Lahiri 2000a, 15–46.Kiparsky, Paul. 2009. Syncope, umlaut, and prosodic structure in early Germanic. Unpublished MS. https://web.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/weakpreterite.2006b.pdf.
Kiparsky, Paul.
2018
. Formal and empirical issues in phonological typology. In Larry M. Hyman & Frans Plank (eds.), Phonological typology
, 54–106. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Kitson, Peter R.
1997
. When did Middle English begin? Later than you think! In Jacek Fisiak (ed.), Studies in Middle English linguistics
, 221–269. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Klein, Jared, Brian Joseph & Matthias Fritz (eds.).
2017
. Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics
. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Klein, Thomas.
1977
. Studien zur Wechselbeziehung zwischen altsächsischem und althochdeutschem Schreibwesen und ihrer Sprach-und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung
. Göppingen: A. Kümmerle.Kock, Axel.
1898
. Der a-Umlaut und der Wechsel der Endvocale a : i(e) in den altnordischen Sprachen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
23. 484–554.Kölbing, Eugen (ed.).
1885
. The romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun
. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co.Koziol, Herbert.
1939
. Der Abfall des nachtonigen-e im Mittelenglischen. Beiblatt zur Anglia
48. 307–309.Krackow, Otto.
1903
. Die Nominalcomposita als Kunstmittel im altenglischen Epos
. Weimar: R. Wagner Sohn.Kraehenmann, Astrid.
2001
. Swiss German stops: Geminates all over the word.
Phonology
18. 109–145.Krapp, George Philip & Elliot Van Kirk Dobbie (eds.).
1953
. The Anglo-Saxon poetic records: A collective edition
. New York: Columbia University Press.Krause, W. & H. Jankuhn.
1966
. Die Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark
. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Krause, Wolfgang.
1971
. Die Sprache der urnordischen Runeninschriften
. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Kristján Árnason.
1991
. The rhythms of dróttkvætt and other Old Icelandic metres
. Reykjavík: Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland.Kristján Árnason.
2006
. The rise of the quatrain in Germanic: musicality and word based rhythm in eddic metres. In B. Elan Dresher & Nila Friedberg (eds.), Formal approaches to poetry: Recent developments in metrics
, 151–169. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Kristján Árnason.
2007
. On the principles of Nordic rhyme and alliteration.
Arkiv för nordisk filologi
122. 79–114.Kristján Árnason.
2009
. On Kuhn’s Law and Craigie’s Law in Old Icelandic poetry. In Tonya Kim Dewey & Frog (eds.), Versatility in versification: Multidisciplinary approaches to metrics
, 39–59. New York: Peter Lang.Kristján Árnason.
2011
. The phonology of Icelandic and Faroese
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kristoffersen, Gjert.
2000
. The phonology of Norwegian
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kroonen, Guus.
2013
. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Germanic
. Leiden: Brill.Kubozono, Haruo.
2003
. The syllable as a unit of prosodic organization in Japanese. In Caroline Féry & Ruben van de Vijver (eds.), The syllable in optimality theory
, 99–122. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Kubozono, Haruo (ed.).
2017
. The phonetics and phonology of geminate consonants
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kuhn, Hans.
1933
. Zur Wortstellung und-betonung im Altgermanischen.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
57. 1–109.Kuhn, Hans.
1937
. Zum Vers-und Satzbau der Skalden.
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
74. 49–63.Kuhn, Hans.
1939
. Westgermanisches in der altnordischen Verskunst.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
63. 178–236.Kuhn, Hans.
1983
. Das Dróttkvætt
. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Kuhn, Sherman M. (ed.).
1965
. The Vespasian psalter
. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Kümmel, Martin Joachim.
2012
. Typology and reconstruction: The consonants and vowels of Proto-Indo-European. In Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead et al. (eds.), The sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, phonemics, and morphophonemics
, 291–329. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.Kurath, Hans.
1956
. The loss of long consonants and the rise of voiced fricatives Middle English.
Language
32. 435–445.Kuryłowicz, Jerzy.
1949
. Latin and Germanic metre.
English and Germanic Studies
II. 34–38.Kuryłowicz, Jerzy.
1970
. Die sprachlichen Grundlagen der altgermanischen Metrik
(Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft: Vorträge 1). Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.Labrune, Laurence.
2012
. Questioning the universality of the syllable: Evidence from Japanese.
Phonology
29. 113–152.Lahiri, Aditi (ed.).
2000
a. Analogy, levelling, markedness: Principles of change in phonology and morphology
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Lahiri, Aditi.
2000
b. Hierarchical restructuring in the creation of verbal morphology in Bengali and Germanic: Evidence from phonology.
In Lahiri 2000a, 71–123.Lahiri, Aditi.
2001
. Metrical patterns. In K. Ekkehard & M. Haspelmath (eds.), Language typology and language universals
, 1347–1367. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Lahiri, Aditi.
2015
. Change in word prosody: Stress and quantity. In Patrick Honeybone & Joseph Salmons (eds.), The Oxford handbook of historical phonology
, 219–244. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Lahiri, Aditi & B. Elan Dresher.
1999
. Open syllable lengthening in West Germanic.
Language
75. 678–719.Lahiri, Aditi & Paula Fikkert.
1999
. Trisyllabic shortening in English: Past and present.
English Language and Linguistics
3. 229–267.Lasch, Agathe.
1914
. Mittelniederdeutsche Grammatik
. Halle: Max Niemeyer.Lass, Roger.
1974
. Linguistic orthogenesis? Scots vowel quantity and the English length conspiracy. In J. M. Anderson & C. Jones (eds.), Historical linguistics: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Edinburgh 2–7 September 1973
, 311–352. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Lass, Roger.
1985
. Minkova noch einmal: MEOSL and the resolved foot. Folia Linguistica Historica
6. 245–265.Lass, Roger.
1992
. Phonology and morphology. In Norman Blake (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language
, vol. 2, 23–155. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Le Saux, Françoise H. M.
1989
. Layamon’s Brut: The poem and its sources
. Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer.Liberman, Anatoly.
1990
. The phonetic organization of early Germanic.
American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures
2. 1–21.Liberman, Anatoly.
1992
a. A bird’s-eye view of open syllable lengthening in English and in the other Germanic languages.
North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE)
20. 67–87.Liberman, Anatoly.
1992
b. Vowel lengthening before resonant + another consonant and svarabhakti in Germanic. In Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr & Robert L. Kyes (eds.), On Germanic linguistics: Issues and methods
, 163–215. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Liberman, Mark & Alan Prince.
1977
. On stress and linguistic rhythm.
Linguistic Inquiry
8. 249–336.Loporcaro, Michele.
2011
. Syllable, segment and prosody. In Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith & Adam Ledgeway (eds.), The Cambridge history of the Romance languages
, vol. I: Structures, 50–108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lowe, John J.
2016
. Clitics: Separating syntax and prosody.
Journal of Linguistics
52. 375–419.Lubotsky, Alexander M.
2006
. Indo-European ‘heel’. In R. Bombi et al. (eds.), Studi linguistici in onore Roberto Gusmani
, 1005–1010. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.Luick, Karl.
1889
. Die englische Stabreimzeile im XIV., XV. und XVI. Jahrhundert.
Anglia
11. 392–443, 553–618.Luick, Karl.
1893
. Englische Metrik: Geschichte der heimsichen Metra. In Hermann Paul (ed.), Grundriss der germanischen Philologie
, vol. II, 994–1020. Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner.Luick, Karl.
1921
. Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache
. Leipzig: Chr. Herm. Tauchnitz.Lutz, Angelika.
1986
. The syllabic basis of word division in Old English manuscripts.
English Studies
67. 193–210.Macdonell, Arthur Anthony.
1916
. A Vedic grammar for students: Including a chapter on syntax and three appendixes: list of verbs, metre, accent
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Mack, Frances M. (ed.).
1934
. Seinte Marherete: Þe Meiden ant Martyr
(The Early English Text Society No. 193). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Madden, Frederic (ed.).
1847
. Laȝamon’s Brut, or Chronicle of Britain
. London: Society of the Antiquaries of London.Magoun, Francis Peabody (ed.).
1929
. The gests of King Alexander of Macedon
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Mailhammer, Robert.
2007
. On syllable cut in the Orrmulum. In Christopher M. Cain & Geoffrey Russom (eds.), Studies in the history of the English language III: Managing chaos
, 37–61. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Mailhammer, Robert.
2009
. Thoughts on the genesis and the development of syllable cut in English.
Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie
127. 261–282.Malzahn, Melanie. 2001. Sandhiphänomene im Rigveda als Reflexe von Archaismen und Dialektismen. Universität Wien PhD diss.
Mamet, Ingo.
2011
. Cupeño stress shift: Diachronic perspectives.
International Journal of American Linguistics
77. 247–283.Marcus, Hans (ed.).
1934
. Das frühmittelenglische Poema morale
. Leipzig: Mayer & Müller.Markey, T. L.
1981
. Frisian
. The Hague: Mouton.Marold, Edith.
2012
. Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Glymdrápa
. In Whaley 2012, 73–91.Martin, E.
1895
. Review of Studien zum altgermanischen alliterationsvers by Max Kaluza. Englische Studien
20. 293–296.Mayrhofer, Manfred.
1986
. Lautlehre: Segmentale Phonologie des Indogermanischen. In Jerzy Kuryłowicz & Manfred Mayrhofer (eds.), Indogermanische Grammatik
, vol. 1, 73–181. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.McCarthy, John J. (ed.).
2003
. Optimality theory in phonology: A reader
. Oxford: Blackwell.McCarthy, John J. & Alan Prince. 1996. Prosodic morphology 1986 (Linguistics Department Faculty Publications Series. 13). https://scholarworks.umass.edu/linguist_faculty_pubs/13.
Mees, Bernard.
2000
. The north Etruscan thesis of the origin of the Runes.
Arkiv för nordisk filologi
115. 33–82.Mielke, Jeff.
2008
. The emergence of distinctive features
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Millett, Bella (ed.).
1982
. Hali Meiðhad
(The Early English Text Society No. 234). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Millett, Bella (ed.).
2006
. Ancrene Wisse: A corrected edition of the text in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 402, with variants from other manuscripts
. Vol. 1 (The Early English Text Society No. 325). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Millett, Bella & Richard Dance (eds.).
2006
. Ancrene Wisse: A corrected edition of the text in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 402, with variants from other manuscripts
. Vol. 2 (The Early English Text Society No. 326). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Minkova, Donka.
1982
. The environment for open syllable lengthening in Middle English.
Folia Linguistica Historica
3. 29–58.Minkova, Donka.
1991
. The history of final vowels in English: The sound of muting
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Minkova, Donka.
1997
. The credibility of Pseudo-Alfred: Prosodic insights in postconquest mongrel meter.
Modern Philology
94. 427–454.Minkova, Donka.
2003
. Alliteration and sound change in Early English
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Minkova, Donka.
2006
. Old and Middle English prosody.
In van Kemenade & Los 2006, 95–124.Minkova, Donka.
2008
. Prefixation and stress in Old English: In memoriam Richard Hogg (1944–2007).
Word Structure
1. 21–52.Minkova, Donka.
2016
. Prosody-meter correspondences in Late Old English and Poema Morale. In Neidorf, Pascual & Shippey 2016, 122–143.Minkova, Donka.
2021
. First or best, last not least: Domain edges in the history of English. In Peter J. Grund & Megan E. Hartman (eds.), Studies in the history of the English language VIII: Boundaries and boundary-crossings in the history of English
, 109–134. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Minkova, Donka & Michael Lefkowitz.
2020
. Middle English open syllable lengthening (MEOSL) or Middle English compensatory lengthening (MECL)?
English Language and Linguistics
25. 155–180.Minkova, Donka & Robert P. Stockwell.
1992
. Homorganic clusters as moric busters in the history of English: The case-ld,-nd,-mb. In Matti Rissanen et al. (eds.), History of Englishes: New methods and interpretations in historical linguistics
, 191–206. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Minkova, Donka & Robert P. Stockwell.
1994
. Syllable weight, prosody, and meter in Old English.
Diachronica
11. 35–64.Minkova, Donka & Robert P. Stockwell.
1997
. Chaucerian phonemics: Evidence and interpretation. In Raymond Hickey & Stanislaw Puppel (eds.), Language history and linguistic modelling
, 29–59. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Mitchell, Bruce, Christopher Ball & Angus Cameron.
1975
. Short titles of Old English texts.
Anglo-Saxon England
4. 207–221.Moffat, Douglas (ed.).
1987
. The soul’s address to the body: The Worcester fragments
. East Lansing, MI: Colleagues Press.Molinaeux, Benjamin J.
2012
. Prosodically conditioned morphological change: Preservation vs loss in Early English prefixes.
English Language and Linguistics
16. 427–458.Moltke, Erik.
1985
. Runes and their origin: Denmark and elsewhere
. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.Momma, Haruko.
1997
. The composition of Old English poetry
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Morris, Richard (ed.).
1988
. Old English homilies and homiletic treatises
(The Early English Text Society No. 29, 34). Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint.Morsbach, Lorenz.
1896
. Mittelenglische Grammatik
. Halle: Max Niemeyer.Mossé, Fernand.
1942
. Manuel de la langue gotique
. Paris: Aubier Montaigne.Mottausch, Karl-Heinz.
2013
. Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des germanischen starken Verbs
. Hamburg: Dr. Kovač.Murray, Robert W.
1988
. Phonological strength and early Germanic syllable structure
. Munich: Wilhelm Fink.Murray, Robert W.
1991
. Early Germanic syllable structure revisted.
Diachronica
8. 201–238.Murray, Robert W.
1993
. PGmc. *V̆Ci̯V: A response to Barrack. American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures
5. 1–28.Murray, Robert W.
2000
. Syllable cut prosody in Early Middle English.
Language
76. 617–654.Murray, Robert W. & Theo Vennemann.
1983
. Sound change and syllabic structure in Germanic phonology.
Language
59. 514–528.Myrvoll, Klaus Johan. 2014. Kronologi i skaldekvæde – distribusjon av metriske og språklege drag i høve til tradisjonell datering og attribuering. Universitetet i Oslo PhD diss.
Myrvoll, Klaus Johan.
2016
. The constitutive features of the dróttkvætt metre. In Kristján Árnason et al. (eds.), Approaches to Nordic and Germanic poetry
, 229–256. Reykjavík: Háskólaútg.Naumann, Hans-Peter.
2018
. Metrische Runeninschriften in Skandinavien: Einführung, Edition und Kommentar
. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.Neckel, Gustav (ed.).
1914
. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern
. 1st edn. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Neckel, Gustav (ed.).
1936
. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern
. 3rd edn. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Neckel, Gustav & Hans Kuhn (eds.).
1983
. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern
. 5th edn. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Neidorf, Leonard (ed.).
2014
. The dating of Beowulf: A reassessment
. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Neidorf, Leonard & Rafael J. Pascual.
2014
. The language of Beowulf and the conditioning of Kaluza’s law. Neophilologus
98. 657–673.Neidorf, Leonard & Rafael J. Pascual.
2020
. Nicolay Yakovlev’s theory of Old English metre: A reassessment.
Neophilologus
104. 245–253.Neidorf, Leonard, Rafael J. Pascual & Tom Shippey.
2016
. Old English philology: Studies in honour of R. D. Fulk.
Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Nespor, Marina & Irene Vogel.
2007
. Prosodic phonology: With a new foreword
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Neuner, Erich.
1920
. Über ein-und dreihebige Halbverse in der altenglischen alliterierenden Poesie
. Weimar: R. Wagner Sohn.Nielsen, Hans Frede.
2000
. The Early Runic language of Scandinavia
. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.van Nooten, Barend A. & Gary B. Holland (eds.).
1994
. Rig Veda: A metrically restored text with an introduction and notes
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Noreen, Adolf.
1970
. Altnordische Grammatik I. Altisländische und altnorwegische Grammatik (Laut-und Flexionslehre), unter Berücksichtigung des Urnordischen. 4th edn. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.North, Richard & Michael Bintley (eds.).
2016
. Andreas: An edition
. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Oakden, J. P.
1968
. Alliterative poetry in Middle English: The dialectal and metrical survey: Two volumes in one
. Hamden, CT: Archon Books.Ohala, John J.
1993
. The phonetics of sound change. In Charles Jones (ed.), Historical linguistics: Problems and perspectives
, 237–278. London: Routledge.Ohala, John J.
2005
. Phonetic explanations for sound patterns: Implications for grammars of competence. In William J. Hardcastle & Janet Mackenzie Beck (eds.), A figure of speech: A festschrift for John Laver
, 23–38. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.van Oostendorp, Marc et al. (eds.).
2011
. The Blackwell companion to phonology
. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Osthoff, Hermann.
1879
. Kleine beiträge zur declinationslehre der indogermanischen sprachen. II. In Hermann Osthoff & Karl Brugman (eds.), Morphologische Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen: Zweiter Theil
, 1–147. Leipzig: S. Hirzel.Osthoff, Hermann.
1881
. Review of Griechische Grammatik by Gustav Meyer. Philologische Rundschau
1. 1588–1597.Pascual, Rafael J.
2013
. Three-position verses and the metrical practice of the Beowulf poet. SELIM
20. 49–79.Pascual, Rafael J.
2014
. Ælfric’s rhythmical prose and the study of Old English metre.
English Studies
95. 803–823.Pascual, Rafael J.
2016
. Sievers, Bliss, Fulk, and Old English metrical theory.
In Neidorf, Pascual & Shippey 2016, 17–33.Pascual, Rafael J.
2017
. Oral tradition and the history of English alliterative verse.
Studia Neophilologica
89. 250–260.Pascual, Rafael J.
2021
. Beowulf 501b and the authority of Old English poetical manuscripts. Neophilologus
105. 425–436Paul, Hermann.
2007
. Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik
. Thomas Klein, Hans-Joachim Solms & Klaus-Peter Wegera (eds.). 25th edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Payne, Elinor, Brechtje Post, Nina Gram Garmann & Hanne Gram Simonsen
2017
. The acquisition of long consonants in Norwegian.
In Kubozono 2017, 130–162.Payne, Robin John. 2018. An edition of the Conduct of Life based on the six extant manuscripts with full commentary, complementary critical analysis, notes and introduction. University of Cambridge PhD diss. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283562?show=full.
Pearsall, Derek (ed.).
1987
. Manuscripts and texts: Editorial problems in Later Middle English literature
. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Peperkamp, Sharon Andrea. 1997. Prosodic words (HIL Dissertations). The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.
Pipping, Hugo.
1903
. Bidrag till eddametriken
. Helsingfors: Tidnings-& Tryckeri-Aktiebolagets Tryckeri.Poole, Russell.
2012
a. Sigvatr Þórðarson, Nesjavísur
. In Whaley 2012, 556–578.Poole, Russell.
2012
b. Torf-Einarr Rǫgnvaldsson, Lausavísur
. In Whaley 2012, 129–138.Pope, John C.
1966
. The rhythm of Beowulf: An interpretation of the normal and hypermetric verse-forms in Old English poetry
. 2nd edn. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Pope, John C. (ed.).
1967
. Homilies of Ælfric: A supplementary collection
. Vol. 1 (The Early English Text Society No. 259). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Pope, John C.
1988
. The irregular anacrusis in Beowulf 9 and 402: Two hitherto untried remedies, with help from Cynewulf. Speculum
63. 104–113.Prince, Alan.
1990
. Quantitative consequences of rhythmic organization. In Michael Ziolkowski, Manuela Noske & Karen Deaton (eds.), CLS 26–2: The parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology
, 355–398. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.Prince, Alan & Paul Smolensky (eds.).
2004
. Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar
. Oxford: Blackwell.Pulgram, Ernst.
1970
. Syllable, word, nexus, cursus
(Janua Linguarum, series minor, 81). The Hague: Mouton.Putter, Ad, Judith Jefferson & Myra Stokes.
2007
. Studies in the metre of alliterative verse
. Oxford: The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages & Literature.Putter, Ad & Myra Stokes (eds.).
2014
. The works of the Gawain Poet: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Patience, Cleanness
. London: Penguin Classics.Revithiadou, Anthi.
2011
. The phonological word.
In van Oostendorp et al. 2011, 1204–1227.Riad, Tomas.
1988
. Tracing the foot: A metrical analysis of change in Nordic languages.
Arkiv för nordisk filologi
103. 1–35.Riad, Tomas.
2004
. Syllabification and word division in Gothic.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
16. 173–202.Riad, Tomas.
2014
. The phonology of Swedish
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ridouane, Rachid.
2007
. Gemination in Tashlhiyt Berber: An acoustic and articulatory study.
Journal of the International Phonetic Association
37. 119–142.Ringe, Don.
2002
. Syncopated present indicative forms in Old English. In Alfred R. Wedel & Hans-Jörg Busch (eds.), Verba et litterae: Explorations in Germanic languages and German literature
, 125–156. Newark, DE: Linguatext.Ringe, Don.
2017
. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic
. 2nd edn. (A Linguistic History of English, vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ringe, Don & Ann Taylor.
2014
. The development of Old English
(A Linguistic History of English, vol. 2). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ritt, Nikolaus.
1994
. Quantity adjustment: Vowel lengthening and shortening in early Middle English
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Rouzer, Paul.
2020
. The poetry and prose of Wang Wei
. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter.Russom, Geoffrey.
1987
. Old English meter and linguistic theory
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Russom, Geoffrey.
1995
. Constraints on resolution in Beowulf. In M. J. Toswell (ed.), Prosody and poetics in the Early Middle Ages. Essays in honour of C.B. Hieatt
, 147–163. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Russom, Geoffrey.
1996
. Purely metrical replacements for Kuhn’s laws. In Christopher McCully & J. J. Anderson (eds.), English historical metrics
, 30–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Russom, Geoffrey.
1998
. Beowulf and Old Germanic metre
(Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Russom, Geoffrey.
2001
. Metrical evidence for subordinate stress in Old English.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
13. 39–64.Russom, Geoffrey.
2002
a. A bard’s-eye view of the Germanic syllable.
The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
101. 305–328.Russom, Geoffrey.
2002
b. Dating criteria for Old English poems. In Donka Minkova & Robert P. Stockwell (eds.), Studies in the history of the English language: A millennial perspective
, 245–265. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Russom, Geoffrey.
2004
a. A brief response.
In Curzan & Emmons 2004, 313–314.Russom, Geoffrey.
2004
b. The evolution of Middle English alliterative meter.
In Curzan & Emmons 2004, 279–304.Russom, Geoffrey.
2007
. Evolution of the a-verse in English alliterative meter. In Christopher M. Cain & Geoffrey Russom (eds.), Managing chaos: Strategies for identifying change in English
(Topics in English Linguistics 53), 63–87. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Russom, Geoffrey.
2009
a. Some unnoticed constraints on the a-verse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
. In Jefferson & Putter 2009, 41–57.Russom, Geoffrey.
2009
b. Why there are three eddic meters. In Matti Kilpiö et al. (eds.), Anglo-saxons and the North
, 69–88. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval & Renaissance Studies.Russom, Geoffrey.
2017
. The evolution of verse structure in Old and Middle English poetry
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Russom, Geoffrey.
2022
. The word-foot theory of Old English meter, version II.
The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
121. 34–64.Ryan, Kevin M.
2011
. Gradient syllable weight and weight universals in quantitative metrics.
Phonology
28. 413–54.Samuels, Bridget D.
2011
. Phonological architecture: A biolinguistic perspective
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Samuels, M. L.
1972
. Chaucerian final “-e”.
Notes and Queries
19. 445–448.Sapp, Christopher D.
2022
. Dating the Old Norse Poetic Edda
. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Sarrazin, Gregor.
1898
. Mittelenglische Vokaldehnung in offener Silbe und Streitbergs Dehnungsgesetz.
Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen
101. 65–86.Schabram, Hans.
1960
. The Seasons for Fasting 206f.: Mit einem Beitrag zur ae. Metrik. In Wolfgang Iser & Hans Schabram (eds.), Britannica: Festschrift für Hermann M. Flasdieck
, 221–240. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Schalin, Johan.
2017
a. Scandinavian front umlaut revisited and revised.
Arkiv för nordisk filologi
132. 5–73.Schalin, Johan.
2017
b. Scandinavian umlaut and contrastive feature hierarchies.
North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE)
70. 171–254.Schellekens, Philida M.T.A. 1989. An edition of the Middle English romance: Richard Coeur de Lion. University of Durham PhD diss. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6564/.
Schiering, René, Balthasar Bickel & Kristine A. Hildebrandt.
2010
. The prosodic word is not universal, but emergent.
Journal of Linguistics
46. 657–709.Schipper, Jakob.
1910
. A history of English versification
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Schrijver, Peter.
2003
. Early developments of the vowel systems of North-West Germanic and Saami. In Alfred Bammesberger et al. (eds.), Languages in prehistoric Europe
, 195–226. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.Schulte, Michael.
1998
. Grundfragen der Umlautphonemisierung: Eine strukturelle Analyse des nordgermanische i/j-Umlauts unter Berücksichtigung der älteren Runeninschriften
. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Schulte, Michael.
2004
. The Germanic foot in Ancient Nordic: Resolution and related matters revisited.
North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE)
45. 3–24.von See, Klaus et al. (eds.).
2009
. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda
. Vol. 6: Heldenlieder. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.Seebold, Elmar.
1968
. Die Verteilung der gotischen Suffixe zur Bildung von Adjektiv-Abstrakta.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
90. 1–15.Seiler, Hansjakob.
1977
. Cahuilla grammar
. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.Selkirk, Elisabeth.
1996
. The prosodic structure of function words. In J. L. Morgan & K. Demuth (eds.), Signal to syntax: Bootstrapping from speech to grammar in early acquisition, 187–213. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Sievers, Eduard.
1878
. Beiträge zur Skaldenmetrik.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
5. 449–518.Sievers, Eduard.
1879
. Beiträge zur Skaldenmetrik. II.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
6. 265–376.Sievers, Eduard.
1882
. Beiträge zur Skaldenmetrik. III.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
8. 54–79.Sievers, Eduard.
1885
a. Proben einer metrischen Herstellung der Eddalieder
. Halle: Max Niemeyer.Sievers, Eduard.
1885
b. Zur rhythmik des germanischen alliterationverses. I.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
10. 209–314.Sievers, Eduard.
1885
c. Zur rhythmik des germanischen alliterationverses. II.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
10. 451–545.Sievers, Eduard.
1887
. Zur rhythmik des germanischen alliterationverses. III.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
12. 454–482.Sievers, Eduard.
1893
. Altgermanische Metrik
. Halle: Max Niemeyer.Sievers, Eduard.
1965
. Altenglische Grammatik nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers
. Karl Brunner (ed.). 3rd edn. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Sigurðsson, Þorgeir. 2019. The unreadable poem of Arinbjǫrn, preservation, meter, and a restored text. University of Iceland PhD diss.
Sjölin, Bo.
1969
. Einführung in das Friesische
. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler.Skautrup, Peter.
1944
. Det danske Sprogs Historie: Fra Guldhornene til Jyske Lov
. Vol. 1. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.Skeat, Walter W.
1866
. The romance of Partenay or of Lusignen
. London: N. Trübner & Co.Smith, Jeremy J.
2007
. Sound change and the history of English
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Sohn, Chang Yong.
1998
. The Old English foot and resolution in Beowulf. 영학논집 (English Studies) 22. 1–20.Stanley, E. G.
1974
. Some observations on the A3 lines in Beowulf. In Robert B. Burlin & Jr. Edward B. Irving (eds.), Old English studies in honour of John C. Pope
, 139–164. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Stanley, E. G.
1976
. Did Beowulf commit ‘feaxfeng’ against Grendel’s Mother?
Notes and Queries
23. 339–340.Starr, Rebecca & Stephanie S. Shih.
2017
. The syllable as a prosodic unit in Japanese lexical strata: Evidence from text-setting.
Glossa
2. 1–34.Stausland Johnsen, Sverre.
2012
. Syncope of long *ī in Old Norse nouns. In John Ole Askedal, Tom Schmidt & Rolf Theil (eds.), Germansk filologi og norske ord: Festskrift til Harald Bjorvand
, 33–51. Oslo: Novus Forlag.Stausland Johnsen, Sverre.
2015
. Vowel reduction in verbs in King Alfred’s Pastoral care. In Dag T.T. Haug (ed.), Historical linguistics 2013
, 19–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Stifter, David.
2020
. The early Celtic epigraphic evidence and early literacy in Germanic languages. North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE)
73. 123–152.Stiles, Patrick V.
1988
. The Gothic nominative singular brōþar ‘brother’ and the reflexes of Indo-European long vowels in the final syllables of Germanic polysyllables. Transactions of the Philological Society
86. 115–143.Stiles, Patrick V.
2004
. Place-adverbs and the development of Proto-Germanic long *ē₁ in early West Germanic. In Irma Hyvärinen, Petri Kallio & Jarmo Korhonen (eds.), Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen
(Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 63), 385–396. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Stiles, Patrick V.
2017
. The phonology of Germanic.
In Klein, Joseph & Fritz 2017, 888–912.Stockwell, Robert P.
1996
. Some recent theories of Old English metrics. In Christopher McCully & J. J. Anderson (eds.), Early English metrics
, 73–94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Stockwell, Robert P. & Donka Minkova.
1997
. Prosody. In Robert E. Bjork & John D. Niles (eds.), A Beowulf handbook
, 55–84. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.Stockwell, Robert P. & Donka Minkova.
2002
. Interpreting the Old and Middle English close vowels.
Language Sciences
24. 447–457.Sturtevant, Albert Morey.
1921
. Die Endung des Partizipium präteriti der germanischen starken Verben.
The American Journal of Philology
42. 12–24.Suzuki, Seiichi.
1992
. On reducing type D* to type D in the meter of
Beowulf. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 93. 257–269.Suzuki, Seiichi.
1995
a. In defense of resolution as a metrical principle in the meter of Beowulf.
English Studies
76. 20–33.Suzuki, Seiichi.
1995
b. The decline of the foot as a supersyllabic mora-counting unit in Early Germanic.
Transactions of the Philological Society
93. 227–272.Suzuki, Seiichi.
1996
. The metrical organization of Beowulf: Prototype and isomorphism
(Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 95). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Suzuki, Seiichi.
2004
. The metre of Old Saxon poetry: The remaking of alliterative tradition
. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Suzuki, Seiichi.
2008
. On the emergent trochaic cadence/ x in Old Norse fornyrðislag meter: Statistical and comparative perspectives. Journal of Germanic Linguistics
20. 53–79.Suzuki, Seiichi.
2014
. The meters of Old Norse eddic poetry: Common Germanic inheritance and North Germanic innovation
. Berlin: De Gruyter.Suzuki, Seiichi.
2017
. Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically induced exceptions to the four-position principle. Journal of Germanic Linguistics
29. 50–84.Syrett, Martin.
1994
. The unaccented vowels of Proto-Norse
(North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE), Supplement Vol. 11). Odense: Odense University Press.Sytsema, Johanneke & Aditi Lahiri.
2018
. Open syllable lengthening in Middle Dutch: Evidence from verse.
Journal of Germanic Linguistics
30. 167–212.Taeldeman, Johan.
2013
. East Flemish: Phonology. In Frans Hinskens & Johan Taeldeman (eds.), Language and space: Dutch
, vol. 3, 211–234. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Tamaoka, Katsua & Yasushi Terao.
2004
. Mora or syllable? Which unit do Japanese use in naming visually presented stimuli?
Applied Psycholinguistics
25. 1–27.Al-Tamimi, Feda, Khaled H. Abu-Abbas & Rama Tarawnah.
2010
. Jordanian Arabic final geminates: An experimental clinical phonetic study.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
46. 111–125.Terasawa, Jun.
1994
. Nominal compounds in Old English: A metrical approach
(Anglistica 27). Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.Terasawa, Jun.
2011
. Old English metre: An introduction
. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Thompson, W. Meredith (ed.).
1958
. Þe Wohunge of Ure Lauerd
(The Early English Text Society No. 241). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Tolkien, Christopher (ed.).
2010
. Saga Heiðreks konungs ins vitra: The saga of King Heidrek the wise
. Fiftieth anniversary edition. London: HarperCollins.Tolkien, J. R. R. (ed.).
1962
. The English text of the Ancrene Riwle: Ancrene Wisse, edited from MS. Corpus Christi College Cambridge 402
(The Early English Text Society No. 249). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Tolkien, J. R. R.
1983
a. English and Welsh. In Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The monsters and the critics and other essays
, 162–197. London: HarperCollins.Tolkien, J. R. R.
1983
b. On translating Beowulf. In Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The monsters and the critics and other essays
, 49–71. London: HarperCollins.Tolkien, J. R. R. & E. V. Gordon (eds.).
1968
. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
. Norman Davis (ed.). 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Toon, Thomas E.
1983
. The politics of early Old English sound change
. New York: Academic Press.Topintzi, Nina.
2011
. Onsets.
In van Oostendorp et al. 2011.Topintzi, Nina & Stuart Davis.
2017
. On the weight of edge geminates.
In Kubozono 2017, 260–282.Topliff, Delores.
1970
. Analysis of singular weak adjective inflection in Chaucer’s works.
Journal of English Linguistics
4. 78–90.Trautmann, Moritz (ed.).
1904
. Das Beowulflied
. Bonn: P. Hanstein.Treharne, Elaine.
2012
. Living through conquest: The politics of early English, 1020 to 1220
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Trigg, Stephanie (ed.).
1990
. Wynnere and wastoure
(Early English Text Society No. 297). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Triggs, Oscar Lovell (ed.).
1895
. The assembly of the gods
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Trubetzkoy, N. S.
1939
. Grundzüge der Phonologie
(Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 7). Prague.Vaux, Bert.
2008
. Why the phonological component must be serial and rule-based. In Bert Vaux & Andrew Nevins (eds.), Rules, constraints and phonological phenomena
, 20–60. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Vennemann, Theo.
1971
. The phonology of Gothic vowels.
Language
47. 90–132.Vennemann, Theo.
2000
. From quantity to syllable cuts: On so-called lengthening in the Germanic languages.
Rivista di Linguistica
12. 251–282.Verdonck, J.
1976
. Notes on some problematic glosses in the Liber Scintillarum interlineation (MS. London, BM Royal 7 C. iv). English Studies
57. 97–102.Vogel, Irene.
2019
. Life after the Strict Layer Hypothesis: Prosodic structure geometry. In Hongming Zhang & Youyong Qian (eds.), Prosodic studies: Challenges and prospects
, 9–60. London: Routledge.Warner, Anthony.
2017
. English–Norse contact, simplification, and sociolinguistic typology.
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen
118. 317–404.Weiskott, Eric.
2016
. English alliterative verse: Poetic tradition and literary history
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Weiskott, Eric.
2020
. A checklist of short and fragmentary unrhymed English alliterative poems, 1300–1600.
Notes and Queries
67. 340–347.Werthmüller, Gyöngyi.
2014
. Final-e in Gower’s poetry, in comparison with Chaucer’s. South Atlantic Review
79. 6–19.West, M. L.
1982
. Greek metre
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.West, M. L.
1997
. Homer’s meter. In Ian Morris & Barry Powell (eds.), A new companion to Homer
, 218–237. Leiden: Brill.Weyhe, Hans.
1905
. Beiträge zur westgermanischen Grammatik.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
30. 55–141.Whaley, Diana (ed.).
2012
. Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From mythical times to c. 1035
(Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1). Turnhout: Brepols.Wheatley, Henry B. (ed.).
1867
. Manipulus vocabulorum
. Westminster: Nichols & Sons.Wilson, R. M. (ed.).
1938
. Sawles Warde: An Early Middle English homily
(Leeds School of English Language Texts and Monographs 3). Kendal: Titus Wilson.Wimmer, Ludv. F. A. & Finnur Jónsson (eds.).
1891
. Håndskriftet Nr. 2365 4to gl. kgl. Samling på det store kgl. bibliothek i København (Codex regius af den ældre Edda) i fototypisk gengivelse. Copenhagen: Møller & Thomsen.Wright, Joseph & Elizabeth Mary Wright.
1923
. An elementary Middle English grammar
. London: Oxford University Press.Yakovlev, Nicolay. 2008. The development of alliterative metre from Old to Middle English. University of Oxford DPhil diss. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:02e46bb4-0abb-479d-9c50-64be689e013e.
Yakovlev, Nicolay.
2009
. On final-e in the b-verses of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In Jefferson & Putter 2009, 135–157.Zec, Draga.
2011
. Quantity-sensitivity.
In Marc van Oostendorp et al. 2011, 1335–1361.Zupitza, Julius.
1878
. Zum Poema Morale.
Anglia
1. 6–32.
PDF
This content is only available as a PDF.
Metrics
View Metrics
Metrics
Total Views
23
20
Pageviews
3
PDF Downloads
Since 9/1/2023
| Month: | Total Views: |
|---|---|
| September 2023 | 4 |
| October 2023 | 2 |
| December 2023 | 3 |
| February 2024 | 1 |
| August 2024 | 1 |
| September 2024 | 5 |
| October 2024 | 1 |
| November 2024 | 3 |
| December 2024 | 1 |
| January 2025 | 2 |
Citations
Powered by Dimensions
Altmetrics
More from Oxford Academic
