Re-Excavating Jerusalem: Archival Archaeology
Contents
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Transition 1: From Hasmonean/Herodian Jerusalem to the Roman Occupation and Banishment of the Jewish Population Transition 1: From Hasmonean/Herodian Jerusalem to the Roman Occupation and Banishment of the Jewish Population
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From a Jewish to a Pagan City From a Jewish to a Pagan City
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Transition 2: Departure of the Roman Garrison and Christianisation Transition 2: Departure of the Roman Garrison and Christianisation
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From a Pagan to a Christian City From a Pagan to a Christian City
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Site C Site C
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Sites B, D, L, M, S.II Sites B, D, L, M, S.II
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Transition 3: From Byzantium to Islam Transition 3: From Byzantium to Islam
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From a Christian to an Islamic City From a Christian to an Islamic City
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Site J Site J
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Site C Site C
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Sites B, D, R Sites B, D, R
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Transition 4: Complex Change from the 11th to the 12th Centuries. Fatimid/Seljuk/Fatimid/Crusader/Ayyubid Transition 4: Complex Change from the 11th to the 12th Centuries. Fatimid/Seljuk/Fatimid/Crusader/Ayyubid
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From Islamic to Christian and Back From Islamic to Christian and Back
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Site C Site C
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The Damascus Gate The Damascus Gate
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Other Sites Other Sites
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Four Shrines: The Survival of the Sanctity of the City Four Shrines: The Survival of the Sanctity of the City
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The Herodian Temple The Herodian Temple
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Hadrian’s Temples in Aelia Hadrian’s Temples in Aelia
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The Church of the Holy Sepulchre The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
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The Shrine of the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque The Shrine of the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque
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Transition and Crisis Transition and Crisis
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IV Crisis and Transition in Jerusalem under Rome, Byzantium, Islam and the Crusades
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Published:13 December 2018
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Abstract
Comparing historical and archaeological evidence based on findings from the Kenyon excavations provides some information on the impact of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ transitions on the contemporary populations. An overview of the archaeological evidence illustrates both the processes and results of crisis, transition and aftermath. Jerusalem provides a case study of four major and several lesser episodes affecting ethnicity, politics, economy and religion over less than 1,500 years, from the Roman destruction in ad 70 and the establishment of Aelia Capitolina. There were major demographic changes resulting from the ‘hard’ transitions, but for all there is clear archaeological evidence of material and cultural transmission and survivals, visible not just in elite structures such as the major shrines, but widespread through a city with an ancient role as a central place of burial.
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