Racism and Ethnic Relations in the Portuguese-Speaking World
Racism and Ethnic Relations in the Portuguese-Speaking World
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Abstract
How did racism evolve in different parts of the Portuguese-speaking world? How should the impact on ethnic perceptions of colonial societies based on slavery or the slave trade be evaluated? What was the reality of inter-ethnic mixture in different continents? How has the prejudice of white supremacy been confronted in Brazil and Portugal? And how should we assess the impact of recent trends of emigration and immigration? These are some of the major questions that have structured this book. It both contextualises and challenges the visions of Gilberto Freyre and Charles Boxer, which crystallised from the 1930s to the 1960s but which still frame the public history of this topic. The book studies issues including recent affirmative action in Brazil or Afro-Brazilian literature, blackness in Brazil compared with Colombia under the dynamics of identity, recent racist trends in Portugal in comparative perspective, the status of native people in colonial Portuguese Africa, discrimination against forced Jewish converts to Christianity and their descendants in different historical contexts, the status of mixed-race people in Brazil and Angola compared over the longue duree, the interference of Europeans in East Timor's native marriage system, the historical policy of language in Brazil, and visual stereotypes and the proto-ethnographic gaze in early perceptions of East African peoples. It covers the gamut of inter-ethnic experiences throughout the Portuguese-speaking world, from the sixteenth century to the present day, integrating contributions from history, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, literary and cultural studies. The book offers a radical updating of both empirical data and methodologies, and aims to contribute to current debates on racism and ethnic relations in global perspective.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
FRANCISCO BETHENCOURT
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Part I: PRESENT ISSUES
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1.
Colour and Race in Brazil: From Whitening to the Search for Afro-Descent
ANTÓNIO SÉRGIO ALFREDO GUIMARÃES
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2
Brazil and Colombia: Comparative Race Relations in South America
PETER WADE
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3
Racism: An Evolving Virus
JORGE VALA andCÍCERO PEREIRA
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4
Mulattos in Brazil and Angola: A Comparative Approach, from the Seventeenth to the Twenty-First Century
LUIZ FELIPE DE ALENCASTRO
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1.
Colour and Race in Brazil: From Whitening to the Search for Afro-Descent
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Part II: THE MODERN FRAMEWORK
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5
Charles Boxer and the Race Equivoque
JOÃO DE PINA-CABRAL
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6
Gilberto Freyre and Brazilian Self-Perception
MARIA LÚCIA G. PALLARES-BURKE
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7
Writing from the Margins: Towards an Epistemology of Contemporary African Brazilian Fiction
DAVID BROOKSHAW
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8
Indigenato Before Race? Some Proposals on Portuguese Forced Labour Law in Mozambique and the African Empire (1926–62)
MICHEL CAHEN
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The ‘Civilisation Guild’: Race and Labour in the Third Portuguese Empire, c. 1870–1930
MIGUEL BANDEIRA JERÓNIMO
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5
Charles Boxer and the Race Equivoque
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Part III: THE LONG VIEW
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10
Marriage Traps: Colonial Interactions with Indigenous Marriage Ties in East Timor
RICARDO ROQUE
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11
The Free Afro-Brazilians in a Slave Society
HERBERT S. KLEIN
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12
The ‘General Language’ and the Social Status of the Indian in Brazil, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
ANDREA DAHER
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13
The New Christian Divide in the Portuguese-Speaking World (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)
JOSÉ PEDRO PAIVA
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14
From Marco Polo to Manuel I of Portugal: The Image of the East African Coast in the Early Sixteenth Century
JEAN MICHEL MASSING
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10
Marriage Traps: Colonial Interactions with Indigenous Marriage Ties in East Timor
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End Matter
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