
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Setting the scene Setting the scene
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Employment participation Employment participation
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Education Education
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Occupations and industry Occupations and industry
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Unpaid work Unpaid work
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Legislation relevant to relative pay Legislation relevant to relative pay
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Pay gaps between men and women: evidence over time Pay gaps between men and women: evidence over time
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Trends for the workforce of all ages Trends for the workforce of all ages
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Trends by age Trends by age
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What drives the gap between women’s and men’s pay? What drives the gap between women’s and men’s pay?
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Attributes Attributes
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Education as earning power Education as earning power
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Experience Experience
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Training Training
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Family responsibilities Family responsibilities
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The context of unequal payment The context of unequal payment
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Occupational segregation Occupational segregation
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Horizontal segregation Horizontal segregation
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Vertical segregation Vertical segregation
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Promotion Promotion
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Job segregation and pay, a reprise Job segregation and pay, a reprise
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Employment structure and the pay penalty of part-time work Employment structure and the pay penalty of part-time work
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Employer characteristics Employer characteristics
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Part-time jobs Part-time jobs
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Effect of government policies Effect of government policies
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Equal pay legislation Equal pay legislation
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Labour market deregulation Labour market deregulation
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The national minimum wage The national minimum wage
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Unequal remuneration and unequal earning capacity compared Unequal remuneration and unequal earning capacity compared
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Analysis of average gaps Analysis of average gaps
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Variations in unequal treatment Variations in unequal treatment
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Variations by age and education for continuously employed full-timers Variations by age and education for continuously employed full-timers
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Variations for women with family responsibilities Variations for women with family responsibilities
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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7. Gender and Pay: Some More Equal than Others
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Published:February 2005
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on gender differentials in pay. While pay differentials are only one facet of the economic differences between men and women, they are significant and symbolic of the changing gender order during the twentieth century. The chapter examines the gender premium for workers of different levels of education lifecycle, and speculates about the prospects for persistent pay gaps. It begins by discussing the economic, demographic and legislative background in Britain, and this is followed by evidence on the changing relative wages of men and women. It then considers evidence on the sources of differential earning power and examines evidence on reasons why given attributes might be remunerated. Finally, it discusses the factors influencing pay gaps over time and over the lifecycle.
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