...Social Behavior as Resource Exchange. Kjell Yngve Törnblom and Ali Kazemi, Oxford University Press. © Oxford University Press 2023. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190066994.003.0010 Social resource theory (SRT) has made important contributions to the understanding of the structure...

..., but is open to many objections. They continue with his account of what knowledge is, and with his ‘constructions’ of material objects and of minds, which aim to conform to what (according to him) can be known. They then discuss his changing views on propositions, and his largely tacit views on universals...

...Russell invokes acquaintance with particular objects, with universals, and (tentatively) with the concepts of logic, in each case as the explanation of our understanding of propositions. The first does appear to be needed, for definite descriptions cannot account for all reference to particular...

...According to Swinburne’s Bayesian argument from temporal order, the fact that our universe is ordered by relatively simple laws of nature is more probable if God exists than if he does not. If God does not exist, a completely chaotic universe allegedly is a priori...

... ‘jell’ in arbitrary ways unrelated to culture or functionality, thereby enhancing semantic opacity and increasing learning load. A counterweight to this arbitrariness is that all languages are subject to universal restrictions, as discussed in Chapter 3. Topics discussed are the arbitrary extension...

...Aesthetic and art behaviors might be adaptations, by-products of adaptations (aka spandrels), vestiges, or they might be so distanced from biology that they are purely cultural technologies. Being universal would provide good evidence that they are part of human nature. Aesthetic sensibilities do...

...The Practical Origins of Ideas: Genealogy as Conceptual Reverse-Engineering. Matthieu Queloz, Oxford University Press (2021). © Matthieu Queloz. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868705.003.0009 This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms...

...Aristotle’s Empiricism. Marc Gasser-Wingate, Oxford University Press (2021). © Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197567456.003.0004 I examine Aristotle’s views on the contents of perception, and how they bear on the role perception plays in our learning. I defend...

... to foot structure, such as syllable weight and stress patterns. The typological grounding of these approaches is stressed, but contextualised within a cautious understanding of linguistic universals. Middle English Norse Old English Chaucer prosodic hierarchy coda syllable Japanese nucleus syllable...

... Relations at the margins of the social sciences. The second section assays the author’s enduring preoccupation with cognitive faculties, materiality, the universality of human experience, metaphors and models in social construction, causality in relation to potentiality and obligation, agents...

... psychological mechanisms result in cultural differences instantiated as variations on common themes of human universals. They focus on two components of emotions: emotion experience and nonverbal expressions. Several case studies from emotion science are outlined to illustrate this framework empirically...

...Chapter 5 investigates the relatively unexplored category of Aristotelian personification. In his critique of Plato’s account of the forms, Aristotle argues that humans derive universals such as man and horse from their observations of empirical men and horses. According to the medieval...

... conditions Pesetsky D Pullum G and A Zwicky Principles and Parameters P&P model universals argument structure lexical projection Sign-Based Construction Grammar construction-based syntax complementation compositionality idioms grammar universals use-based grammar To practice...

... universals and patterns in linguistic variation that are not detected by other means. Chomsky N Chomsky N and H Lasnik Comrie B Greenberg J M Formal Generative Typology FGT Principles and Parameters P&P model typology Minimalist Program universals English Dryer M S language acquisition...

... is comparison of very large numbers of languages, sampled so as to control for genealogical and areal biases. The preferred mode of explanation is in terms of functional rather than formal notions. This chapter discusses the history of the research program, from Greenbergian universals to the present-day...

... was not ‘invented’ is implied by the universal process of construction of boundaries between distinct domains of social life and the consequent elaboration of cross-cultural categories. The possibility itself of defining and translating religion into the most diverse historical and geographical milieus shows...

...Evidence for relativistic theories of rights and duties is overturned by an analysis of supererogatory acts in Afghan, Asian, and Spanish-speaking cultures. The authors present a cultural evolutionary account of the development of rights and duties to explain the appearance of certain universals...

....’ This chapter discusses the question of universals in derivational morphology, an issue that has been paid little attention. First, methodological questions are raised, including some of the obstacles in looking for universals of derivation. The next section reviews some of the past proposals for universals...

... and anatomical structures in the brain with culturally variable experiences of communication and education. Any claims for cognitive or linguistic universality need to square with our bio-cultural hybridity. Brain-based, embodied cognitive processes constrain our experiences with literature, but they do...

... by previous generations of learners to fit the domain-general biases that children bring to bear on acquisition. The approach also provides insight into the nature of language universals, and has far-reaching implications for evolutionary psychology. Bates E A Harrington J Michel J B Palethorpe S Watson C...