... in both systems concluding that each remains distinctive. It explores the impact of these differences on recent firm strategies in the sectors of financial services and the chemicals and pharmaceutical industry. Britain corporate governance Germany Keasy K Kelly G Lazonick W O'Sullivan M Porter M E...

... Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC pharmaceuticals Rural and Regional Development Ministry Malaysia small and medium size enterprises SMEs China FAMA Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Malaysia Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority FAMA Malaysia halal certification Mahathir Mukhriz...

... nomenclature established by Karl Linnaeus, European chemists identified guaraná’s active principle as caffeine, and pharmaceutical firms such as the Parke-Davis Company and patent medicine manufacturers marketed the “tonic drug” for medical conditions ranging from headaches and diarrhea to neurasthenia...

... the pharmaceutical industry promotes this tacit hegemony by fostering medical knowledge and shaping patterns of consumption through the manufacture and sale of medicines. Using the case of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals — a short-lived company known for its connections to the Japanese state and its imperial project...

...This chapter addresses Hoshi Pharmaceuticals' financial fallout in the opium scandal's aftermath. It argues that the scandal revealed reasons for Hoshi's success that the company had hoped to conceal: profiteering from an exclusive monopoly over morphine and, quite possibly, from opium trafficking...

...This chapter reviews how companies like Hoshi Pharmaceuticals actively participated in wartime mobilization. It examines the transition of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals from a time of peace to a time of war. Within a context of total war, the mobilization of individuals to become productive members...

... in the overpromotion of sedatives and stimulants by the pharmaceutical industry and to reform medical practices warped by that overpromotion. Its passage was driven, in part, by consumer advocates who used anti-drug rhetoric to build the political coalitions needed to pass, and then to enforce, new controls...

... effects due to a large and diverse variety of common pharmaceutical medications. Nearly half of all Americans take prescription drugs, frequently more than one, and many of them fall within this category and are discussed here. This chapter provides a detailed summary of clinical experience and research...

... in medical treatments and behaviors, and considers the implications of these findings for medical research. The findings estimate that about one-third of the decline in CVD mortality is due to invasive treatments, one-third is due to the use of risk-reducing pharmaceuticals, and the remaining third stems...

... in Thailand. In a political context that increasingly placed importance on citizens’ rights, the chapter shows how this professional movement drew on its legal knowledge to empower AIDS NGOs who used the courts to challenge pharmaceutical companies; to promote the government’s use of generic drugs; to build...

...This chapter describes the international pharmaceutical industry’s transformation during World War II as a result of U.S. economic warfare initiatives in Latin America. Provisioning drugs and implementing wartime drug controls offered diplomatic leverage as the United States sought to secure...

... fell through the rankings to become a middling contender. This waning resulted from the meteoric rise of Pfizer as one of the most aggressive purveyors of pharmaceutical industry consolidation and the unlikely rise of Valeant Pharmaceuticals, a company with a checkered history and ongoing woes...

... and the economy. To explain how we have arrived at this pivotal moment, Michael Kinch recounts the history of pharmaceutical and biotechnological advances in the twentieth century. Kinch relates stories of the individuals and organizations that built the modern infrastructure that supports the development...

.... A brief discussion of India’s large pharmaceutical sector and multinational big pharma is presented followed by a depiction of the practice of ayurvedic medicine in India and concerns about biopiracy, or the commercial exploitation of indigenous medical knowledge. The introduction also offers a discussion...

...This chapter focuses on a broad range of lesser known and recent pollutants that affect aquatic organisms. These chemicals, found in groundwater and surface water, include many human-synthesized agricultural chemicals, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, pathogens, swimming pool chemicals...

...This chapter introduces the physical site of iThemba Pharmaceuticals in a place called Modderfontein, on the edge of the grounds of a historic Alfred Nobel dynamite factory. It explores the material and social legacies of extraction industries that shape the possibilities of and constraints on drug...

...This chapter investigates the networks of calibration that surround the Food and Drug Administration as an institution of rarefaction. The chapter explores how different professional organizations, pharmaceuticals corporations, scholarly publications, and advocacy organizations attempt...

..., the second provides the empirical core of the three markets and their submarket environments of Indian pharmaceuticals during the period from 1950 to 2000, and the final section analyzes health technologies from a global perspective. This volume also considers issues concerning the development of industrial...

.... This chapter explores the shift in the conceptualization of the pill from life-changing to life-enhancing, from revolutionary to commonplace, and the implications for the trajectories of women, birth control, and pharmaceutical consumerism. birth control pill revolutios Sanger Margaret therapeutic...

...This concluding chapter argues that the privatization of the Medicare and Medicaid programs in Puerto Rico failed despite promising more efficient care management and expanded access to pharmaceuticals and specialists. Rather than producing a health system that was rational and easy to navigate...