... evolutionary writings of Erasmus Darwin, notably The Loves of the Plants, Zoonomia and The Temple of Nature. It is shown that his grandson took the notion of sexual combat as a means of species benefit and as an explanation for the development of specialised male weapons from these writings. The younger...

... Austropotamobius pallipes lobster Ocypode Ocypodidae conflict Gammarus molt fecundity Idotea Lirceus fontinalis fighting habitat defense muscle ontogeny productivity morphology Sexual conflict sexual selection mate guarding male to male competition crustacean male weapons Sexual selection...