... Chalk rock Solent Channel basin Dogger Bank Hurd deep Isle of Wight Lobourg Channel Mid Channel gorge Peninsula of Europe River Scheldt Scandinavian ice sheet Warm interglacials Glacial lakes Killarney River Tay Snowdonia Arran Fingal’s Cave Firth of Lorn Ireland island Loch Lomond...

...figure 1.1. Depiction of outburst flood devastating Huaraz. Credit: Image from Noticias é Informaciones, Huaraz, 10 January 1942. map 1.1. Huaraz and nearby canyons with glacial lakes. Credit: Map and photograph by Esther Hegglin. Adapted from Hegglin and Huggel...

...figure 2.1. Glacial ice collector carrying ice to town, 1930s. Credit: Photo courtesy of Hans Kinzl Archive, Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria. figure 2.2. Typical community interactions at the Yungay market, 1936. Credit: Photo courtesy of Hans Kinzl Archive...

... are abundant in the arctic foothills in studying responses to climate change. It describes the paleo-environmental environment across four periods: Glacial Interval (~27,000–15,000 yr BP), Late Glacial (~15,000–11,500 yr BP), Early Holocene (~11,500–7,500 yr BP), and Middle to Late Holocene (~7,500 yr BP...

... ancient endemic lineages, even among highly vagile organisms such as bats. Land bridges, Cenozoic eustatic sea-level changes and Pleistocene glacial cycles have been proposed to explain the colonization of the islands, but phylogenetic divergence analyses often conflict with the timing of these events...

... of an ice age in Earth history. Esmark, Venetz, and Charpentier had made the case for a much greater expanse of ice cover in the past, but they did not associate this with a glacial epoch of intense cold climate. Agassiz melded their ideas with his own to create a grand new theory. His scientific standing...

... and icebergs being the cause of drift deposits, as first proposed by Peter Dobson. The steady accumulation of evidence over many years of field mapping in North America, Britain, and Ireland played a fundamental role in gaining wide acceptance for the glacial theory. It finally took a young American geologist...

... Arbogast B boreal species butterfly ies Cascade s Range extinction s extirpated fauna Pleistocene mega glacial refugia Glaucomys spp Graham A Hafner D interglacial Jacobson G LGM Last Glacial Maximum Martes americana megafauna Myodes rutilus Ochotona princeps Oeneis chryxus paleoclimatic...

... transition from a relatively moist interglacial to a cool–dry glacial to a very warm–dry interglacial—were of sufficient magnitude to cause detectable change in marmot populations. Burrows of Marmota Glacial intervals Hibernation by Marmota Marmota spp Marmota flaviventris yellow bellied marmot Marmota...

... heeded the advice of doctors to seek fresh, dry air and sunshine as there was no cure for this condition at that time. Unlike Philadelphia and the state capital of St. Paul, Minneapolis was full of beautiful natural landscapes. The city was developed next to “the bluffs”, a narrow glacial moraine...

... conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum, and Holocene climate. Antarctica Climate Cooling periods in global climate El Niño weather pattern Environment Glaciation Holocene Intertropical Convergence Zone Oxygen isotope studies Rainfall patterns Sea surface temperatures Tectonics Temperature...

...In the 1880s paleoliths were reported from widely scattered sites such as Little Falls, Minnesota and New Comerstown, Ohio. Some were found in geological circumstances that suggested a late Pleistocene antiquity, others hinted of an older human presence, perhaps dating to a previous glacial period...

...” Goethe Nixon Rob Slow Violence Nixon Chakrabarty Dipesh Anthropocene climate change ecocriticism erratic geology glacial theory Goethe novel wandering The interest in rocks shared by several figures in Goethe’s last novel goes beyond a child’s amusement and a collector’s enthusiasm. What...

... years ago until about 10.3 ka years ago, climate shifted many times from glacial, to profoundly cold Heinrich, to modern warm modes. These climate shifts occurred over durations of hundreds of years and the changes that occurred between temporal points are known as climatic events. Some climate shifts...

...This chapter first details the advent of post-glacial period at northern latitudes after ice volumes peaked about 21,000 years ago. There were a number of climatic oscillations during the final stages of the glacial period referred to as the Bølling-Allerød interstadial (14,700–12,900 BP), which...

... imagery, and post-glacial traditions. Altxerri Spain Castillo Monte Spain Chimeneas Las Spain Cosquer France Cougnac France Ekain Spain Etxeberri Etcheberri’Ko Karbia France Fontanet France Gouy France Lartet Édouard Massat France Mayenne Sciences France Monedas Las Spain Niaux France...

... of Geological Sciences Neogene Palaeocene Palaeogene Pliocene stratigraphy Agassiz Louis Alps European Britain denudation erratics eskers glacials glaciations ice shelf shelves Jura Ranges Little Ice Age submergence till deep sea cores Oxford pollen Scotland sea surface temperature SST...

..., glacial variability and centennial-scale variability. The chapter starts by distinguishing between slow (geological, ice sheets) processes and fast (anthropogenic) processes, where the slow processes may provide boundary constraints to the faster processes. It first analyses Cenozoic temperature...

...This chapter reviews previously published palaeovegetation and independent palaeoclimatic datasets to determine the responses of Amazonian ecosystems to changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations that occurred since the last glacial maximum (LGM), about...

.... The general climate of the earth is determined by the variation in the amount of sunshine received at different latitudes, by the earth’s rotation, and by the amount of arriving solar energy that is retained in the atmosphere. Albedo British coal basins Cascade Mountains Deserts Eccentricity Glacial...