...This chapter presents comparative data on contemporary mortality rates and patterns among several different American Indian tribes, including the Navajos. It is noted that tribes with higher mortality rates would also have higher fertility rates. Fertility may be linked in some complex way both...

...This chapter examines the historical transition from traditional mobile pastoralism to a more sedentary agrarian lifestyle among the Bedouin. Microhistorical estimates of Bedouin fertility link recent fertility decline to the modernization and proletarianization of the Bedouin economy. Parallels...

.... Bedouin sharecroppers, pastoralists, and wage laborers have similar fertility and mortality outcomes. Given that biological factors better account for internal demographic variation and socioeconomic factors account for external demographic differences, the chapter concludes that demographic class...

...The chapter theoretically situates Bedouin fertility and health in the broader Malthusian-Marxist debate on population and poverty. Contrary to the expectations of Malthusian theory, high Bedouin fertility is not concomitant with disease, death, and abject poverty. The chapter shows that high...

...A comprehensive review of microdemographic studies from Europe and Asia is undertaken with the aim of understanding the role of class/caste and occupation in shaping fertility and mortality within local communities at different stages of demographic transitions. The chapter establishes...

...This paper reviews the literature in economics and related fields on the role of social norms in shaping fertility patterns and demand for contraception. The case of Sweden is discussed in detail both with regard to the literature and the data. Measures of non-marital childbearing from...

... Corresponding author: Ifo Institute, Poschingerstr. 5, 81679 Munich, Germany; [email protected] . University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] . This chapter offers an account of how institutional factors affect marriage, fertility...

... inducements is also explained. The strong feminist movement of the late 1960s and 1970s was largely responsible for changing attitudes, together with a general disillusionment with the role of housewife. Declining fertility decreased the significance of women's role in the home, making labor force...

...This chapter examines the downward trend in the fertility rate, and provides an overview of recent studies on married women's labor force participation. Second, it considers mothers' working patterns, especially on the continuation of work before and after the first childbirth in Japan. Third...

... of democratization must inscribe the existence of the two sexes and their dissymmetry in an egalitarian framework, and it must put women in control of their fertility not only on the biological level but also on the civic and symbolic levels. France Underrepresentation in government Demography Fertility Kenya...

...This chapter moves to the fictive, namely “The Book of Ruth,” which repeats the title of its Biblical original and reinvents the historical figures of Ruth the Moabite and her mother-in-law Naomi. The story presented focuses on barrenness, on a pregnancy that safeguards the virginal or non-fertile...

...This chapter discusses the geopolitics of birth control—more specifically in its implications towards the broader and (during the 1920s) more significant concern of food security and overpopulation. The issue of contraception, birth control, and fertility had long been associated with the private...

.... the hopeful realization of a “freedom from want” that had characterized the discussions of world population at the time. Despite the pressing need for the implementation of fertility regulations, family planning, and a general lowering of infant mortality rates during the Cold War, particular associations...

... in the literatures on “concepts of conception,” “sexual antagonism,” “pollution,” male/fertility cults, and ritual homosexuality. The chapter concludes by stating that, in both Melanesia and Amazonia, sexuality and reproduction flow into each other and are part of a broader confluence of indigenous philosophies...

...This chapter outlines the structural, demographic and psycho-social factors associated with teenage pregnancy and fertility. This chapter focuses on women, mothers and motherhood, but there is a brief section on young fathers and children and young people who have been in the care system...

... Athenian newspaper: “Demographics: Women Are Again to Blame.” Demographic transition theory, however, obscures variation in how symbolic and practical consequences of fertility decline might be read across European, let alone other, contexts. fertility biological versus social control of fertility decline...

...Fertility rates are of political, social, and academic interest because of their implications on future social and economic trends. In Australia, women are having, on average, fewer than two children, and each nominal couple is not replacing itself. At this rate and without the prospect of higher...

.... , & Snyder, S. H. ( 1994 ). Nitric oxide: A physiologic messenger molecule.   Annual Review of Biochemistry , 63, 175–195. 10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.001135 7526779 Brown, D. J. , Hill, S. T. , & Baker, H. W. G. ( 2006 ). Male fertility and sexual...

...; and conventional medical recommendations. Following these recommendations can increase fertility and help women prepare for pregnancy so as to maximize the likelihood of giving birth to a healthy child. References American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women...

... distribution of marital fertility rates and reports estimation results. Section 12.5 looks at significant changes in the marital behavior of Japanese women that took place in the last twenty years. Section 12.6 analyzes the causes of the decline in the fertility rates observed among three different cohorts...