... evidence. Meanwhile, written source material in Germany in the high Middle Ages was, with few exceptions, still written by clerics, and by priests and monks. Italy Italians Mediterranean region Henry IV emp Hersfeld Staufen fam Agnes d of King Henry IV Anno II abp of Cologne Augustine Benno bp...

... to mitigate Shi'a discontent, “sectarian balancing” (co-opting Sunnis to balance the Shi'a), and tacitly encouraging vitriolic anti-Shi'a discourse by Sunni clerics, repression, and censorship. Most significant, however, the revolutionary decade highlighted the importance of domestic institutions as buffers...

...In early modern Europe, the guides for exorcists and the manuals for the discernment of spirits were addressed strictly to male clerics—theologians, Inquisitors, and exorcists. Their descriptions of discerning activities, just like their instructions concerning the performance of exorcism, assumed...

... and ideas used by the NWAC propagandists were discernible in earlier periods of British history. This chapter also discusses the patriotic role played by religion and explains that most clerics of virtually all denominations supported the war. patriotism Germany Gregory Adrian Ripon Belgium Britishness...

... celebrate his Nicene clerical forebears and argues that his narrative must be placed in historiographical context. It explains that his depictions made sense of developments in Antiochene doctrine and in Syrian clerical-ascetic relations. Antioch Antiochene socio doctrinal network ascetics as members...

...This chapter addresses the social roots and effects of doctrinal conflict during the Nestorian controversy. It examines the dispute over Nestorius from the perspective of the Antiochene network that supported and then abandoned him and describes the social actions of Antiochene clerics...

... to reinforce core Antiochene relations and expand contacts with distant clerics and lay officials while offering a new sense of Antiochene identity. Antiochene socio doctrinal network ascetics as members Basil of Seleucia in Isauria ally of Theodoret clerical affection expression of core network Cyrillian...

...This chapter looks at relations of friendship among clerics. Friendship was as important for religious leaders as it was for their secular counterparts. They needed faithful supporters to enact their plans. Yet, in contrast to what have been seen in secular circles, friendship continued to play...

... that Shiʻi and Sunni clerics held before the invasion. In the 1990s, the Baʻth's support for loyal tribal leaders increased, and many sheikhs saw their status elevated as they were brought into state patronage networks through personal relations with Saddam, security agencies, or party offices. The chapter...

...This chapter highlights the Rule of Grandmont. What was the reality regarding clerics and converts at Muret and then at Grandmont? The Book on Doctrine reveals no trace of such a division. If the Book on Doctrine does not attest to a distinction of status between...

... and musical behaviors and practices that might have been construed as acts of transgression, and the distinct overlap of discourses relating to musical and erotic pleasures. It concludes with a discussion of clerics’ sexual identity, showing that the increased focus on celibacy threatened the distinction...

... Sheikh ‘correctionist movement’ harakat al tashih Ibn Baz Abdulaziz and Kharijites al Shathri Sa‘d al Sheikh Abd al Aziz Al Baath Party Ibn Humayd Salih Israel Muslim Brotherhood al Sheikh Abd al Latif Al Saudi Arabia Islamic State Clerics Wahhabism Caliphate Turki al-Binali Tawhid...

... political system institutionalizes the representation of various religious sects and grants their leaders broad powers over religious affairs, including personal-status courts, wealthy endowments, places of worship, education, and the centralized employment of clerics. Lebanese religious leaders do...

...This chapter addresses the 1980s era, when Muslim personal law returned to the Indian political agenda after a long hiatus. After winning the case, Shah Bano Begum actually renounced the decision under the influence of local Muslim clerics and never accepted the maintenance allowance. Rajiv...

.... In practice, the experience of the Islamic state in Iran has exposed the comprehensive challenges associated with the unification of religion and state for both the clergy and Islam. The compromising of the clergy’s autonomy, the dishonouring of dissident clerics, the interruption to the democratic process...

... as a whole, though prone to folly and capable of scheming evildoing, was not made into ‘the enemy’—either of the male sex generally or of the clergy in particular. We saw earlier that even the cleric’s wife, much maligned elsewhere, could in Ireland be the object of a sort of love poem, as in the Cormac...

... respects upon ecclesiastical co-operation. This chapter examines the involvement of the clergy in the production of legal texts. It begins by identifying signs of ecclesiastical participation in, and influence on, the copying and composition of lawbooks, and then considers why clerics contributed...

... participation, which implies that at least some Welsh clergy held it to be a generally acceptable body of customary law. But this criticism seems not to have radically undermined the confidence of Welsh clerics in the law, for the compilations they copied and helped to compose implicitly reject any charges...

... Katherine North Kilworth Leics Noy William Nugent James Ostend Bennett Matthew Huberly Francis Littleton Sir Edward Mitchell Ralph Pickering Ursula Charles I civil war sedition Privy Council clerics Catholic crimes H ugh Pyne's notorious words were not the only disgraceful, undutiful...

...The interrogatories for the clerical order in the Memoriale Presbiterorum begin in the traditional manner with the religious. The author devotes separate sections to the simple religious, and to ‘claustrales’, the religious holding cloistral office, and obedientiaries. The topics...