... it to become a permanently dependent state, while identical efforts to convert that image merely invited further offense from the West and self-alienation from within. China Europe imperialism Qing court Qing dynasty sovereignty realism Republican China Chinese Treaty of Westphalia Ling Lily H M...

... of the Qing Dynasty and the Manchus, its military institutions, such as the Eight Banners and the Green Standards, and its fiscal institutions. It then pays attention to three centralizing institutions from this period: the Grand Council, the palace memorial, and the Imperial Household Department. The chapter...

... of the Chinese empire beginning in the early decades of the nineteenth century to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. It discusses failed efforts to save the imperial system by the Qing dynasty, the 1911 Republican Revolution and its aftermath, the fragile republic that emerged...

... pattern was evident in the early modern empires located outside or at the margins of Europe, such as the Ottoman Empire and the Qing dynasty empire, which witnessed the growth of a class of merchants and traders during the massive expansion of commercial activity linked to a vast continental market...

...This introductory chapter provides an overview of the roles of fengshui in law during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the last of China's imperial dynasties. During the Qing dynasty, people across China submitted lawsuits about harm done to fengshui. Not all disputes involved such claims, but many...

... passed exams at fair rates in the early Qing dynasty, by the turn of the nineteenth century, the provincial capital at Chengdu had risen to provincial dominance while Nanbu and its surrounding counties produced few successes. With local success hard to find, magistrates actively tried to improve local...

...This chapter describes events following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty and the proclamation of the Republic of China in 1912. Although the thirteenth Dalai Lama attempted to rule Tibet on his own authority, the new Chinese government upheld China's claims to Tibet. The Dalai Lama's efforts...

... by military incursions from outside and frequent domestic political upheavals. These forces undermined and ultimately uprooted Manchu rule there. China Proper Eight Banners Fengtian Han people Heilongjiang Japan Jiaqing Emperor Manchuria Manchus Qianlong Emperor Qing dynasty Shenyang Three Eastern...

... Ren Si Shuntian prefecture Tianjin secret memorials at the Grand Council fiscal crisis Jones Susan Mann Kuhn Phillip A state decline Bai Gang Chinese protest Qing dynasty mid-Qing period state-resisting protest violent protests tax riots state agents collective violence retributive...

... wei yuan hui Hu Shi Japanese invasion Jiangsu Solinger Dorothy Sun Wenguang Wasserstrom Jeffrey Wuyuan Xu Jianping hybridization Berstein Thomas Hurst William Jun Jing Lee Ching Kwan Li Lianjiang Lu Xiaobo O’Brien Kevin Zweig David Chinese protest Qing dynasty mid-Qing period state...

... and his insights—which would lead to a new development in Neo-Confucian thought. Hereafter, Neo-Confucianism would undergo further scrutiny following the fall of the Ming dynasty, as scholars of the new Qing dynasty reexamined the definition of “humaneness” (ren) alongside the role...

...This chapter discusses architecture during the Ming and Qing dynasties. This period saw the greatest level of centralization of Chinese rule by any emperor before or since. This centralization was facilitated in part by the form of the imperial palace. The construction of the Forbidden City—which...

...The central concerns of this book are crime and law enforcement in Guangdong province in south China during the mid-Qing dynasty, roughly the years from 1760 to 1845. The author’s focus is on bandits, sworn brotherhoods, and local law enforcement. Specifically, this study is divided into three...

... Thousand Knives Society Qiandaohui Yao uprising 1831–1833 talismans military system breakdown of South China Crime Qing Dynasty Guangdong Poverty Social dysfunction Criminal law Law enforcement State Local In the 1850s, during the turbulent Taiping Rebellion (1850–1865), a distressed scholar...

... and festivals village tribunals hired laborers Li Yanzhang Watson James Feng Chaosheng poverty River God Temple Guishan wages accomplices habitual offenders Vanderwood Paul South China Crime Qing Dynasty Guangdong Poverty Social dysfunction Criminal law Law enforcement State Local In late...

... delta culture of violence poverty punishments rock fights boxing masters pugnacious youths dazai Shawan swordsmanship Yongzheng emperor South China Crime Qing Dynasty Guangdong Poverty Social dysfunction Criminal law Law enforcement State Local Yang Shoufu was a native of Dapu county...

... marginality Geremek Bronislaw pirates Jiqing Lu Kun armed affrays butchers escaped convicts recidivism fufan watchmen accessories in crime amnesties principals in crime banditry South China Crime Qing Dynasty Guangdong Poverty Social dysfunction Criminal law Law enforcement State Local...

... by examination was consistently applied from the early Ming into the last years of the Qing dynasty, and it created a class of administrators who prided themselves on their scholarship. Thirdly, the scholar-official class from the 1500s saw their political interests vested in the maintenance of ritual order...

... convert, in an attempt to overthrow the Qing dynasty. It then considers the Japanese visitors' reactions to the rebellion. Britain aid to Qing against Taipings drug dealers opium traders as opium addiction Opium War Treaty of Nanjing 1842 Westerners arrogance toward Chinese brush conversations bitan...

.... They could not fundamentally question the structures of the imperial period. The Neo-Confucianism of the Song era was elevated by the Qing dynasty to official state doctrine. There is no special new path in culture, as in medicine. The end of the imperial era led to the emergence of the new path. anatomical...