...The anti-histamines you take to treat your cold symptoms make you drowsy while coffee can keep you awake. These two rather complex processes of the brain — waking and sleeping — are partially controlled by two simple molecules, histamine and adenosine. Histamine is a neurotransmitter; its release...

...The growth of this powerful state government to 1930 would be crucial to the survival of São Paulo agriculture in the next half century. The secular growth of the coffee economy up to the end of the 19th century was spectacular. But the constant incorporation of ever more virgin lands...

...This chapter examines the basic themes discussed in the book and the major conclusions reached which explain the rise of São Paulo to its important leadership position. We stress the importance of coffee, the role of the state in promoting the economy, the impact of immigration...

... of Intipucá who migrated to the United States in 1966, talked about how life in Intipucá was transformed in the context of historical “progress” and “civilization.” The chapter first provides an overview of coffee in El Salvador before examining in detail the words and experiences of Chávez, and his account...

... out of Washington DC where Intipucá's farm workers and peasants had settled as “illegal” migrants to escape the civil war back in their homeland. It has also discussed El Salvador's systemic transition from coffee to cotton to labor-power as dominant exports and sources of national wealth...

... and local control over spending decisions, while the state of São Paulo enjoyed the economic boom of the coffee export economy. These developments allowed municipal leaders to begin to invest in education and to bring publicly funded beauty and leisure to their communities. These investments were incipient...

... in the slave trade. Brown John abolitionist Maxwell Wright & Co Wise Henry A Adams John Quincy Trist Nicholas Castro Leandro Rabelo de Fehrenbacher Don Graden Dale Horne Gerald Howard Warren Mattos Ilmar Rohloff de Tod David Drescher Seymour US built ships slave trade coffee Fonseca Manoel...

... in Guatemala in both the postcolonial epoch of coffee production and in the early archaeology of Great Southern Maya sites. Throughout, reference is made to a debate about the relative importance of the Southern Maya Region as compared with the northern Petén for the emergence of Classic Maya civilization...

...This chapter traces the origins of certification programs in the coffee industry, with particular reference to the impact of developments in the intergovernmental arena since the 1960s. It examines factors that helped in the development of three separate streams of certification: organic...

...This book has traced the evolution of certification as a form of private governance in forestry, fisheries, and coffee industry. It has highlighted the complicated pattern in these certification programs, as well as the disagreements and contestations involved. It has also explained how different...

...This chapter discusses the role of coffee houses in the formulation of civil society ideas in England. Historians are convinced that conversation has also played a significant role in leading Europe into an age of Enlightenment. Civil conversation created networks that could be used for numerous...

...This chapter examines how fair trade operates in the specialty coffee market. More specifically, it considers how the formally defined (certified) fair trade market is linked to the specialty coffee market and the market consisting of vendors who essentially market what they might call “fairer than...

...This chapter examines the issue of gender in a Maya fair trade coffee cooperative in Guatemala, with particular emphasis on women who are struggling to develop a market of their own in order to gain a modicum of financial independence through an increase in earnings. Drawing on ethnographic data...

.... This chapter reviews some general characteristics of agricultural systems, the herbivore–ant relationship, the role of ants as biological control agents (describing two case studies: maize and coffee), and the relationship between biological control and the study of interspecific interactions. agricultural...

...Table 17.1 Microbiota Involved in Coffee Fermentation by Dry Process Yeasts Gram Negative Bacteria Gram Positive Bacteria Filamentous Fungi Country Reference Arxula adeninivorans, Aeromonas sp, Bacillus cereus...

... with unbelievers God mimesis Quran Muslims American hierarchy Ibn Munabbih Wahb social distinctions alcohol al ʿAydarūsī Abū Bakr coffee intoxication My Name Is Red Pamuk Pamuk Orhan age beardless youths fatwa Sulayman I Sultan youths beardless home house wine body physical cannabis embodied...

... recent scholarship and contemporary descriptions, this section considers four distinct spaces in which printed news was freely available to patrons: taverns and inns, coffee houses, subscription libraries and newsrooms. The chapter also includes a case study of readerships in eighteenth-century Liverpool...

... is examined in relation to both the role of coffee houses in the creation of a more informed body of citizens and the impact of writers such as Daniel Defoe, and, in particular, his journal The Review. The chapter includes a case study of the career of the Jacobite printer and editor...

...This chapter addresses the seemingly contradictory connections between an expanding market for slave-grown Brazilian coffee in the United States and the American contribution to slave emancipation in Brazil. Whereas the coffee trade became a most lucrative enterprise for American businessmen...

... and local order. This sequence is formed by the intersection of three key processes. First, the undermining of the licit economic structure, particularly the coffee economy, and market-oriented reforms as well as the related reconfiguration of the ecology of governance. Second, transformations of both...