
Contents
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The Protocol The Protocol
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Variable Priorities Training Variable Priorities Training
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Emphasis Change Training Emphasis Change Training
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Introduction of a Secondary Task Introduction of a Secondary Task
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Emphasis Change in Task Switching Emphasis Change in Task Switching
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Main Findings Main Findings
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Applications Applications
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The Contribution And Significance of Variability in Training The Contribution And Significance of Variability in Training
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Training in Uniform versus Mixed-Trial Blocks Training in Uniform versus Mixed-Trial Blocks
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Using Intermittent versus Full Schedules of Feedback and Knowledge of Results Using Intermittent versus Full Schedules of Feedback and Knowledge of Results
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Encouraging Subjects to Explore Alternatives and Avoid Local Optima Encouraging Subjects to Explore Alternatives and Avoid Local Optima
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Introduction of a Random Noise Component to Neural Networks Introduction of a Random Noise Component to Neural Networks
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Local Sources of Variability in the Demands of Ongoing Task Performance Local Sources of Variability in the Demands of Ongoing Task Performance
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The Power of Emphasis Change Training The Power of Emphasis Change Training
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The Value of Guided Exploration The Value of Guided Exploration
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Development of an Adaptive “Task Shell” Development of an Adaptive “Task Shell”
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References References
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15 Emphasis Change as a Training Protocol for High-Demand Tasks
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Published:December 2006
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Abstract
Emphasis change is a training protocol under which subjects are required, during training, to change systematically their emphasis, effort, attention allocation policy (these terms are used interchangeably) on major subcomponents of the performed tasks. Emphasis levels are varied between few-minute practice trials or among pre-specified short durations of task performance. There are four major variants of the emphasis change protocol: variable priorities, emphasis change, the introduction of a secondary task, and task switching. This chapter describes the emphasis change protocol and introduces a new concept called “task shell”, a mental model of the integrated structural and dynamic properties of a task. A task shell developed through emphasis change training can lead to greater sensitivity to changes in task difficulty and load, and to better adaptation to changes through attention reallocation.
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