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Abstract
This concluding chapter recaps the book’s main argument, which is that Nehru viewed the Bandung Conference largely as a tool for realizing his neutralist vision and securing China’s long-term backing of peaceful coexistence. In doing so, it evaluates the success of Nehru’s grand design and concludes that the post-Bandung years produced mixed results for Nehru’s Cold War strategy. On the plus side, Nehru’s vision of a non-aligned Asia appeared to be ultimately validated, as, in the late 1950s, significant support for neutralism existed even in those Asian countries aligned with the West. Additionally, peaceful coexistence became the catchphrase for all diplomatic exchanges between Afro-Asian nations. On the minus side, proclamations of neutralist intent and adherence to the Five Principles were no indication that Asia had become, or was ever likely to become, an area of peace, as Nehru had envisioned. Nor did they provide the kind of defense guarantee against regional threats he had hoped for. When China attacked India in October 1962, Nehru tragically discovered how fragile the foundations of his vision were and how professions of neutralism and peaceful coexistence were no insurance against the Chinese threat to Indian security.
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