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Divine Assemblies in Early Greek and Babylonian Epic

Online ISBN:
9780198924623
Print ISBN:
9780198924593
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Book

Divine Assemblies in Early Greek and Babylonian Epic

Bernardo Ballesteros
Bernardo Ballesteros

Assistant Professor in Early Greek Literature and Language, Institut für Klassische Philologie, Mittel- und Neulatein

University of Vienna
,
Austria
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Published online:
5 November 2024
Published in print:
28 November 2024
Online ISBN:
9780198924623
Print ISBN:
9780198924593
Publisher:
Oxford University Press

Abstract

In early Greek and Near Eastern myth and religion, the gods govern the cosmos. In narrative poetry, they are frequently portrayed through scenes of divine assembly. Did Homer and early Greek poets inherit this feature from their more ancient neighbours? And, what can comparison tell us besides? This book is the first to chart divine assembly scenes in ancient Babylonian and early Greek epic. It asks why similarities between the two corpora exist, and exploits those similarities to enhance understanding of Mesopotamian and early Greek literature and religion. The book discusses Sumerian narrative poems, the Akkadian works Atra-ḫasīs, Anzû, Enūma eliš, Erra and Išum and the Epic of Gilgameš; Homer’s Iliad, the Odyssey, Hesiod’s Theogony and some Homeric Hymns. It studies poetic technique and probes further comparisons with Sanskrit, Old Norse, Polynesian and Aztec mythology. It argues that Greek speakers are unlikely to have inherited the divine assembly from the Near East. Still, one can posit a long-term process of oral contact and communication fostered by common poetic structures and religious affinities. In a second part pursuing a mythological and religious comparison, the book concentrates on ideas about the cosmos and humankind, and on power dynamics within the pantheon as well as between gods and mortals. A focus on the head of the pantheon and on concepts of divine prerogatives illuminates culture-specific differences which can be related to historical socio-political discourses. The book develops a systematic approach to questions of cross-cultural literary comparison in the ancient world.

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