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John Hyrcanus (134–104 bce) John Hyrcanus (134–104 bce)
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Judah Aristobulus (104–103 bce) Judah Aristobulus (104–103 bce)
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Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 bce) Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 bce)
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Salome Alexandra (76–67 bce) Salome Alexandra (76–67 bce)
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Excursus: Partisan and Sectarian Judaism Excursus: Partisan and Sectarian Judaism
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Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II
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Responses to Dynastic Decline Responses to Dynastic Decline
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3 Heirs of Phinehas: The Rise and Demise of the Hasmonean Dynasty
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Published:October 2024
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Abstract
This chapter documents the consolidation of power and establishment of political and economic independence for Judea under John Hyrcanus I and the energetic expansionist policies pursued under his sons, Judah Aristobulus I and Alexander Jannaeus. It examines the rise of sectarian/partisan groups within Judaism, particularly the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes, as well as the roles these groups played in both the stabilization of, and resistance to, continued rule by members of the Hasmonean dynasty. The chapter concludes with an account of the reign of Queen Salome Alexandra and the civil strife that erupted between her two sons, Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, inviting Roman intervention and sowing the seeds for incorporation into the Roman empire. The Psalms of Solomon are considered as an ancient informant’s perspective on these developments.
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