Objectives and Principles

Correa, Carlos M

doi:10.1093/law/9780199271283.003.0004

Chapter

4 Objectives and Principles

Get access

https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199271283.003.0004

Pages

91–114

Published:

March 2007

Extract

The Interpretive value of Article 7

Objectives

The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.

Negotiations on intellectual property in the Uruguay Round were initiated upon the demand of developed countries, with considerable resistance from developing countries. The primary objective of the proponents of the Agreement was to secure the rights of intellectual property owners to exploit their protected assets in the jurisdiction of all parties to the GATT. They emphasized the role of the protection of IPRs as incentives for innovation, and were keen to leave issues relating to the exploitation of the rights to the discretion of title-holders.

In contrast, developing countries feared that a strengthened protection of IPR protection would give too much power to title-holders and limit access to, and transfer of, technology to those countries. They approached these negotiations with a clear understanding of their weakness in the generation of new science and technology. At the time the negotiations took place, only a small fraction of world expenditures on R&D was accounted for by those countries. The situation is not too different today. Ten developed countries account for 84 per cent of global resources spent on R&D annually, control 94 per cent of the technological output in terms of patents taken out in the United States, and receive 91 per cent of global cross-border royalties and technology licence fees.¹

You do not currently have access to this chapter.

Sign in with email/username & password
Get email alerts
Save searches
Purchase content
Activate your purchase/trial code
Add your ORCID iD

Get help with access

Institutional access

Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:

IP based access

Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.

Sign in through your institution

Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutionâ€™s website and Oxford Academic.

Click Sign in through your institution.
Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.
When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.
Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.

If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutionâ€™s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.

Sign in with a library card

Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.

Society Members

Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:

Sign in through society site

Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see â€˜Sign in through society siteâ€™ in the sign in pane within a journal:

Click Sign in through society site.
When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.
Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.

If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.

Sign in using a personal account

Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.

Personal account

A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.

Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.

Viewing your signed in accounts

Click the account icon in the top right to:

View your signed in personal account and access account management features.
View the institutional accounts that are providing access.

Signed in but can't access content

Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.

Institutional account management

For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.

Metrics

Total Views 6

4 Pageviews

2 PDF Downloads

Since 9/1/2024

Month:	Total Views:
September 2024	3
November 2024	1
February 2025	2

Contents

4 Objectives and Principles

Extract

The Interpretive value of Article 7

Objectives

Email alerts

Contents

4 Objectives and Principles

Extract

The Interpretive value of Article 7

Objectives

Sign in

Personal account

Institutional access

Institutional account management

Get help with access

Institutional access

IP based access

Sign in through your institution

Sign in with a library card

Society Members

Sign in through society site

Sign in using a personal account

Personal account

Viewing your signed in accounts

Signed in but can't access content

Institutional account management

Purchase

Email alerts

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only