
Contents
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The 1923 Kakinada Congress The 1923 Kakinada Congress
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The Anti-Untouchability Committee Takes Action: Preparations for the Satyagraha The Anti-Untouchability Committee Takes Action: Preparations for the Satyagraha
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Why Vykom? Why Vykom?
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The Satyagraha Begins The Satyagraha Begins
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The Mathrubhumi The Mathrubhumi
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Gandhi Advises from Afar Gandhi Advises from Afar
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Deadlock Deadlock
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Change in Police Policy Change in Police Policy
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“An Essentially Hindu Question” “An Essentially Hindu Question”
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Discipline and Perseverance Discipline and Perseverance
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“Rabid Speeches” “Rabid Speeches”
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Songs of the Volunteers Songs of the Volunteers
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Sloughs and Peaks Sloughs and Peaks
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The Floods: “Worst in Human Memory” The Floods: “Worst in Human Memory”
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Failings and Tribulations Failings and Tribulations
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Caste-Hindu Opposition Intensifies Caste-Hindu Opposition Intensifies
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“War on the Charka”: Arrest of the Spinning Wheel “War on the Charka”: Arrest of the Spinning Wheel
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Upper-Caste Hindu Meetings Upper-Caste Hindu Meetings
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Women in the Struggle Women in the Struggle
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Interest Gathers Interest Gathers
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Cite
Abstract
In December 1923, Madhavan obtained a Congress party resolution establishing an Anti-Untouchability Committee, mainly from upper castes. On March 30, 1924, Vykom’s satyagraha began. Varying castes walked in rows to the prohibited temple roads. Recovering from illness, Gandhi managed from afar, believing that self-suffering would pierce the defenses of the Hindu orthodoxy and that change would result from their persuasion and “conversion.” Sympathetic to the princely states, which sought to preserve their autonomy from the British, he repudiated civil disobedience in Travancore. Gandhi’s stipulations precluded participation by non-Hindus or outside assistance. The government imprisoned 19 of the leadership group, creating a vacuum. On April 10, the British police commissioner, W. H. Pitt, ceased this approach. The new police tactic was to make the satyagrahis to stand for hours in the sun. Volunteers fainted. The “Great Flood of 1924” tested resolve. The struggle would experience ineptitude, deadlock, and violent attacks.
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