
Contents
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49 Enlightenment and the Problem of Reform 49 Enlightenment and the Problem of Reform
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50 Crisis and Opportunity 50 Crisis and Opportunity
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51 The Challenge of the Enlightenment and the Public Sphere 51 The Challenge of the Enlightenment and the Public Sphere
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52 Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish Aufklärung 52 Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish Aufklärung
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53 Aufklärung and Government 53 Aufklärung and Government
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54 Cameralism, Physiocracy, and the Provisioning of Society 54 Cameralism, Physiocracy, and the Provisioning of Society
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55 Economic Policy: Manufactures, Guilds, Welfare, and Taxation 55 Economic Policy: Manufactures, Guilds, Welfare, and Taxation
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56 Administration, Law, and Justice 56 Administration, Law, and Justice
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57 Education and Toleration 57 Education and Toleration
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58 Courts and Culture 58 Courts and Culture
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59 The Impact of Reform: Immunity against Revolution? 59 The Impact of Reform: Immunity against Revolution?
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V The German Territories After c. 1760
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Published:November 2011
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Abstract
The Aufklärung did not reject the governmental forms and institutions of the past but sought to give them a new purpose. Discussion of Aufklärung ideas was fostered by the explosive growth of the print media. Aufklärung was defined by Kant and others; it suffused Protestant and Catholic thinking and many Jewish communities. The reforms of the period often responded to the problem of reconstruction after the Seven Years War, but they were shaped by new cameralist and physiocratic ideas. ‘Improvement’ soon became a general watchword leading to important new developments in administrative practice, law and justice, schools and universities, thinking about religious toleration and in the culture of the German courts. There is some evidence to suggest that the reforms in the German territories helped them avoid the kind of societal crisis that exploded in France in 1789.
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