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5 Age at Menopause and Fecundity Preceding Menopause
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Published:January 1993
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Abstract
The reproductive life-span of a woman is delimited by menarche and menopause. In contrast to age at menarche and adolescent fertility, age at menopause and fertility preceding menopause have received relatively little attention in the scientific literature. Female fecundity does not decline precipitously; rather, menopause is the culmination of a gradual decline that results from both biological and socio-cultural factors (Gray, 1979a, 1979b). Recently, as more women in developed countries have chosen to delay first births, there has been increased interest in the availability of accurate information about fecundity in the period shortly preceding menopause and about factors affecting age at menopause. In developing countries, involuntary sterility due to disease remains an important concern. Additionally, the long life expectancy of women today means a significant proportion, especially in the developed world, can expect to live for two or three decades past the age of natural menopause. Postmenopausal women have a number of increased health risks: osteoporosis (Lindquist et al., 1981) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Kannel et al., 1976) are two of the more prominent. Thus, knowledge about factors affecting age at menopause and the consequent duration of exposure to postmenopausal health risks has become more crucial (McKinlay et al., 1985).
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