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Abstract
Judaism theoretically tries to construct a society which lives under the revealed law of a merciful Creator God, and can thereby be an exemplary pattern to the rest of the world. Islam theoretically attempts to create a global society living under the law of God, which will make it easier for people to achieve that fellowship with God that Muslims see as the Creator’s purpose. Buddhists theoretically form a Community of monks and nuns who renounce the world and its concerns, and pursue the path of final liberation from sorrow.
In practice, things are not quite like that. Israel is a secular state, and religious (rabbinic) Judaism is a set of very diverse groups scattered throughout the world, almost the only common feature of which is a strong commitment to ethical monotheism, and some sort of commitment to simply being Jewish. The umma of Islam is in fact identifiable with a particular group of national states, and with many minority groups of Muslims throughout the world. Attitudes within that umma vary considerably, and again the only common commitment is obedience to a God who commands social justice, mercy, and potentially universal fellowship among human beings. The Buddhist sangha is involved in a number of different ways with the governments of South-East Asian countries, and interrelates with lay organizations which are committed to varying programmes of social action and with encouraging greater compassion and sensitivity in the wider human society.
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