Issues in Adverbial Syntax

Cinque, Guglielmo

doi:10.1093/oso/9780195179545.003.0006

Chapter

5 Issues in Adverbial Syntax

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https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179545.003.0006

Pages

119–144

Published:

February 2006

Abstract

The question how adverbs (and adverbials, more generally)1 integrate into the structure of the clause has been, and continues to be, a moot question. In work of the early 1990s, later merged into Cinque (l 999), I suggested that adverbs should not be seen as accessory appendices to clause structure (as the traditional notion of “adjunct” would suggest) but rather as an integral part of it, despite their general optionality. Much as inflectional morphology, functional particles, and auxiliaries were at the time considered to be the overt manifestation, in head format, of the functional portion of the clause, AdvPs, I argued, could be seen as the overt manifestation of the same functional distinctions in specifier format. The main evidence for their belonging to the functional makeup of the clause was the observation that cross-linguistically the number and type of the different classes of AdvPs and their relative order appears to exactly match the number, type, and relative order of functional heads morphemes (see Cinque 1999: chaps. 2, 3, and 4).2 Recently a number of works have appeared that argue for a return to the traditional “adjunct” approach, and against what we might call the functional specifier approach.3 These works notwithstanding, there are, I think, reasons to retain the “functional specifier” approach. Before considering such reasons, let me mention two additional clues in favor of the functional nature of adverbs. They come from the study of sign languages and language acquisition.

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Contents

5 Issues in Adverbial Syntax

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