
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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A Changing Geography of Food Production A Changing Geography of Food Production
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Agricultural Expansion: From Staple Cereals to Non-staple Food Agricultural Expansion: From Staple Cereals to Non-staple Food
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Global Patterns Global Patterns
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Hubs of Supply for a Globalized Lifestyle Hubs of Supply for a Globalized Lifestyle
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Trade Liberalization and Increasing Foreign Investment Trade Liberalization and Increasing Foreign Investment
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Control and Coordination: The Role of Traders, Processors, and Retailers Control and Coordination: The Role of Traders, Processors, and Retailers
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Technology and Infrastructure Development Technology and Infrastructure Development
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Changing Diet Changing Diet
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Synergistic Interactions Synergistic Interactions
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Impacts on Global Land Use Impacts on Global Land Use
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Cropland Expansion Cropland Expansion
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Future Land Availability Future Land Availability
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Forest Transitions and Globalization Forest Transitions and Globalization
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Implications for Food Security Implications for Food Security
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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12 Global Agriculture and Land Use Changes in the Twenty-First Century: Achieving a Balance between Food Security, Urban Diets, and Nature Conservation
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Published:September 2014
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Abstract
Although most gains in food production during the past half-century have come from agricultural intensification, natural ecosystem conversion has also been rapid, leading to the oft-cited trade-off between food security and nature conservation. This chapter traces the effects of economic globalization on the geography of global agriculture, and show that the real trade-off is between ensuring food security for the poor and meeting growing demands for agricultural products in middle- and high-income countries. Areas allocated to non-staple food crops and to crops that supply animal feeds and bioenergy have recently grown much faster than areas allocated to staple crops. Supply chains have become increasingly concentrated within the agribusiness sector in a few countries or under the control of a few large transnational corporations. This new configuration has done little to improve global food security; instead, it has mostly benefited consumers in wealthy, urban regions and emerging economies.
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