
Contents
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Federal Farm and Food Policy Federal Farm and Food Policy
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The 1860s The 1860s
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The 1930s The 1930s
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The Post–World War II Era The Post–World War II Era
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Payment Schemes Payment Schemes
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Crop Insurance Crop Insurance
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Nutritional Assistance Nutritional Assistance
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Adding Up the Bill Adding Up the Bill
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U.S. Biofuels Policy U.S. Biofuels Policy
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U.S. Farm Policy as Viewed Internationally U.S. Farm Policy as Viewed Internationally
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Comparisons of Domestic Producer Support Comparisons of Domestic Producer Support
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The Magnitude of Trade Barriers The Magnitude of Trade Barriers
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The Role of Food Aid The Role of Food Aid
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Institutional Dynamics Affecting U.S. Farm Policy Institutional Dynamics Affecting U.S. Farm Policy
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The Power Structure The Power Structure
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The Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch
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The Executive Branch The Executive Branch
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Collective Action and Coalition Politics Collective Action and Coalition Politics
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Conclusion: Food Security Implications of U.S. Policy Conclusion: Food Security Implications of U.S. Policy
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References References
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4 Institutions, Interests, and Incentives in American Food and Agriculture Policy
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Published:September 2014
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Abstract
American agriculture and agricultural policy are both filled with contradictions. The sector supplies less than 2 percent of GNP, yet farmers and farming communities exert considerable influence on several federal policies and politics—not just on agriculture. Through trade and aid, the United States is also a dominant player in international agriculture, yet the international dimensions of agriculture play almost no role in the formulation of American agricultural policy. This chapter attempts to resolve the key anomalies in U.S. agriculture by presenting a brief summary of the 2008 legislation and its antecedents, comparing U.S. policy approaches and impacts with other developed countries, and examining the political and regional dynamics that produce such inward-looking policy outcomes. Special attention is given to the important role that nutritional assistance has played in policy debates during the past 35 years, and to the fragile farm–consumer coalition that nearly came apart during preparation of the 2013 Farm Bill.
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