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10 Some Varieties of Pope’s Classicism
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Published:December 2009
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Abstract
Educated eighteenth-century English culture was permeated at every level by the art, history, mythology, philosophy, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. School and university curricula were dominated by the study of classical (and particularly Latin) texts, in ways that had changed little since the Renaissance. Schoolboys and undergraduates were drilled not only in classical poetry, philosophy, and oratory but also in the historical, geographical, medical, math- ematical, and legal lore of the ancient world. Figures from republican Rome attained the status of cult heroes among the English ruling classes. Eminent politicians and land-owning grandees had themselves sculpted in the manner and garb of virtuous Romans. Young aristo- crats and gentlemen on the Grand Tour visited the monuments of Rome, and later Herculaneum and Pompeii, and brought back with them physical relics of the classical past. (Travel to Greece became more common as the century progressed.) Parliamentary speakers modelled their orations on those of Cicero and Demosthenes.
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