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(a) The National Socialist Revolution (a) The National Socialist Revolution
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(b) Hitler (b) Hitler
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(c) The Direction of Hitler’s Foreign Policy (c) The Direction of Hitler’s Foreign Policy
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(d) The Character of Hitler’s Foreign Policy (d) The Character of Hitler’s Foreign Policy
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(e) The Combinations of Hitler’s Foreign Policy (e) The Combinations of Hitler’s Foreign Policy
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10 Germany in The World in March 1939
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Published:July 2023
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Abstract
The factors that led to Germany’s conquest of Bohemia and Moravia in March 1939 included the pursuit of national revival after defeat in the First World War, the widespread belief in betrayal and stab-in-the-back myths, the backing for the National Socialist movement by “demobilized and unemployable soldiers,” and Hitler’s charismatic leadership. Hitler promoted an ideology of racism and built up his Nazi movement’s power by agitating the masses through crude and brutal oratory. Hitler’s perseverance and organizational skills enabled him to exploit multiple methods of manipulation, from harsh violence to slow and subtle infiltration. The goal of Lebensraum (“living space”) was Hitler’s justification for attempting to defeat and dismember the Soviet Union. He followed historic principles of “aggressive statecraft” and devised others, such as articulating “the big lie” as more credible to the masses than small falsehoods and enforcing “exactions on the conquered only by stages, as far as that is possible.” He formulated a principle of building up to a “pinnacle of power” before attacking but neglected it as he exploited opportunities. He pursued “the political penetration and psychological paralysis of other states, and the promotion of revolutionary unrest.” He sought, in his own words, “the moral break-down of the enemy before the war has started,” and employed to this end propaganda, economic pressures, and political-military intimidation. Rejecting the possibility of a capitulation as in 1918, Hitler continued combat “beyond the bounds of purpose, towards self-destruction and universal destruction. Here was the authentic nihilism of the Third Reich.”
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